凤仙花属(Impatiens)植物主要分布于旧世界的热带和亚热带山区, 对生长环境要求极度严苛, 深入分析其地理分布格局与特征, 可为种质资源调查和利用提供理论依据。本研究通过系统检索文献资料, 更新了该属植物物种名录, 整合其地理分布、海拔、特有性等信息, 建立了中国野生凤仙花属植物地理分布数据库。截至2022年3月, 中国共记载野生凤仙花属植物352种(包含18变种1亚种1变型), 其中中国特有种273种。除上海市外, 中国其他各省级行政区均有野生凤仙花属植物分布, 其中云南省分布有165种, 其次为四川省(119种)和西藏自治区(69种)。县级尺度上, 贡山独龙族怒族自治县和腾冲市以51种并列物种丰富度第一, 其次是福贡县(42种)。中国野生凤仙花属的分布总体呈现以热带、亚热带为中心向高纬度和高海拔区域扩散的格局, 广义横断山区、西藏南部地区、滇黔桂喀斯特区域、长江中下游等地为凤仙花属植物集中分布的热点地区。

Impatiens is distributed mainly in the tropical and subtropical mountains of the Old World and has strict requirements on the growth environment. In-depth analysis of its geographical distribution pattern and characteristics can provide a basis for germplasm resources investigation and utilization. In this study, the species list of wild Impatiens in China was updated through systematic literature retrieval, and the geographical distribution database of wild Impatiens in China was established by integrating their information of distribution, altitude and endemism. Up to March 2022, 352 wild Impatiens species (including 18 varieties, 1 subspecies and 1 form) have been recorded in China, 273 of which are endemic to China. Impatiens is distributed in all provinces of China except Shanghai. There are 165 species in Yunnan, where has the highest species richness and endemism at the provincial level, followed by Sichuan with 119 species, Tibet with 69 species. At the county level, Gongshan County and Tengchong City ranks first in species richness with 51 species, followed by Fugong County with 42 species. In China, the distribution of Impatiens presents a pattern of diffusion from the tropics and subtropics zone to high latitudes and high altitudes. The broad sense Hengduan Mountain area, southern Tibet, Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi karst area and middle-lower Yangtze River Plain are hot spots for the concentrated distribution of Impatiens.