尺度是生态学中的一个核心问题, 基于多尺度更能抓住物种–环境之间关系。生境适宜性模型可以定量并多尺度研究物种-环境关系, 被广泛应用于野生动物生境适宜性评价中。本文以丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)为研究对象, 以其迁徙和越冬的重要地区——黄河三角洲自然保护区为研究区域, 应用二项逻辑斯谛回归模型, 并结合地理信息系统和遥感技术, 在10-1,500 ha之间, 通过变换空间尺度大小构建了10个空间尺度下丹顶鹤生境适宜性模型。通过检测尺度对模型构建的影响, 选择最佳模型开展丹顶鹤生境适宜性分析和评价。尺度影响分析结果表明: 环境因子的拟合能力和模型的预测精度均存在尺度效应, 空间尺度为50 ha时的单尺度模型为最佳单尺度模型, 多尺度模型优于所有单尺度模型。模型分析结果表明: 丹顶鹤适宜生境占保护区总面积的25%以上, 且大部分适宜生境分布在自然保护区南部,自然保护区北部由于缺乏淡水来源, 适宜生境较少。为有效保护丹顶鹤生境, 建议加强保护区湿地生境监测、评价和规划, 以及对人为干扰活动进行监督和管理。

Scale is a critical factor in species ecology, and multi-scale approaches can potentially better depict the relationship of the bird species and environment. Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve(YRDNR)is a important site for red-crowned crane during migration and wintering. By using habitat suitability models and varying the spatial scale from 10 to 1,500 ha, we developed univariate models to analyze contributions of each environmental factor at each spatial scale to red-crowned crane occurrence. Moreover, multivariate models at single and multi-scales were built to seek optimum habitat suitability model. The results showed that univariate models varied among the environmental factors and with spatial scales. Within multivariate models, the single-scale model at the 50 ha scale performed best. The multi-scale model, in which each environmental variable was entered at the scale at which it had performed best in the univariate model, was superior to all single-scale models. Moreover, the results showed that the suitable habitat area of red-crowned crane in the southern part of YRDNR is far more than in the north. For effective protection of red-crowned crane habitat in YRDNR, we suggest that monitoring, assessment, reassignment of wetland should be strengthened and human disturbance should be under surveillance.