生物多样性是人类赖以生存和社会经济可持续发展的重要基础, 多数能源开发空间与生态空间重叠, 能源开发利用对生物多样性的影响一直备受关注, 特别是可再生能源建设和运营过程兼顾生物多样性保护已经成为能源行业绿色转型的必然要求。对我国能源企业而言, 参与生物多样性保护既是在应对挑战, 也是在寻求机遇, 作为生态文明建设的主角之一, 能源企业需要探索和落实生物多样性保护主流化的各项举措。本文介绍了能源企业应遵循的国际和国内生物多样性保护政策及监管要求, 总结了国内外典型能源企业参与生物多样性保护工作的经验和做法, 分析了当前我国能源企业在生物多样性保护方面面临的挑战与不足, 提出了我国能源企业实施生物多样性保护的原则和路径。我国现已初步建立了一套由法律法规、综合性政策和专项制度构成的具有中国特色的生物多样性保护管理体系, 能源企业主要通过环境影响评价、矿山地质环境保护与土地复垦、水土保持、水资源论证和绿色矿山建设评选等途径, 落实生物多样性保护。但是目前我国能源企业仍然存在生物多样性保护理念、资金和人员的三项挑战, 生物多样性保护能力和披露水平有待提高。我国能源企业应将生物多样性保护融入企业管理和项目开发运营的各个环节, 持续加强生物多样性保护主流化工作; 构建生物多样性价值核算与实现体系, 将生物多样性价值纳入企业决策; 因地制宜落实多层次的保护途径, 开展生物多样性监测与成效评估; 充分利用国际高层次平台扩大影响力, 完善生物多样性披露信息及科学性。通过以上路径积极参与全球生物多样性治理, 全面提升生物多样性保护水平, 有效应对我国生物多样性保护面临的挑战, 促进能源开发与自然生态的和谐共生。

Background & Aims: Biodiversity serves as a crucial foundation for human survival and the sustainable development of economic and social systems. Since energy development is often intertwined with ecological spaces, the impact of energy exploitation on biodiversity has been a significant concern. Particularly, the construction and operation of renewable energy projects must integrate biodiversity protection, an essential requirement for the green transformation of the energy sector. For Chinese energy enterprises, biodiversity conservation represents both a challenge and an opportunity. As key players in ecological civilization construction of China, these enterprises must explore and implement strategies to mainstream biodiversity protection. This paper outlines the international and domestic policies and regulations governing biodiversity conservation for energy companies, reviews experiences and practices from both domestic and international energy enterprises, analyzes current challenges and deficiencies facing Chinese energy enterprises, and proposes principles and pathways for effective implementation of biodiversity protection.

Results: China has established a distinctive system for biodiversity protection, consisting of laws, comprehensive policies, and specialized regulations. Energy companies implement biodiversity protection through several mechanisms, including environmental impact assessments, geological environmental safeguards at mining sites, land reclamation efforts, soil and water conservation, water resource evaluations, as well as recognition programs for green mining practices. Nevertheless, three main challenges persist for Chinese energy enterprises: a lack of awareness of biodiversity conservation principle, insufficient funding, and a shortage of qualified personnel. There is a pressing need to enhance capabilities related to biodiversity preservation along with improving transparency levels in reporting such efforts.

Suggestions & Perspectives: Energy enterprises should integrate considerations of biodiversity into their corporate governance and project development processes. A systematic approach towards valuing biodiversity should be established, ensuring that biodiversity is included in strategic decision-making processes. Tailored, multi-tiered conservation strategies must be implemented based on local conditions, and ongoing biodiversity monitoring and effectiveness evaluations should be conducted. Energy enterprises should also leverage high-level international platforms to amplify their global influence and refine biodiversity reporting practices. By adopting these pathways, Chinese energy companies can significantly elevate their contributions to global biodiversity governance, striving for harmonious coexistence between natural ecosystems and industrial activities.