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Plant Diversity ›› 1997, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (02): 1-3.

• 研究论文 •    

山茶科花粉超微结构及其系统学意义

韦仲新   

  1. 中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明650204
  • 出版日期:1997-04-25 发布日期:1997-04-25

POLLEN ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THEACEAE AND ITS SYSTEMATIC SIGNIFICANCE

Wei Zhongxin   

  1. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204
  • Online:1997-04-25 Published:1997-04-25

摘要: 借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜对分布于亚洲、北美洲及中南美洲山茶科17属约50种植物的花粉进行了系统的观察研究。本科花粉为3孔沟或3(拟)孔沟,近扁球形至近球形,少数近长球形。大小从 13~50 um(极轴)x13~55.3 um(赤道轴)。表面纹饰可分为皱波状(或皱块状)、颗粒状、疣状、钝刺状、网状、穴网状及近乎光滑等类型。在皱波状纹饰中,其皱脊的组成分子又可分为颗粒、念珠状结构。外壁为具复盖一柱状层结构tectate-columellate),复盖层一穿孔(tectate-perforate)或不穿孔(tectate—imperforate)。其复盖层、住状层、基层及外壁内层层次分明,但各层次的厚度及比例随不同属种而异。孢粉学资料完全支持把山茶科划分为两个亚科即山茶亚科 (Theoideae)及厚皮香亚科(Ternstroemioideae)。其区别表现在花粉大小和外壁纹饰两方面。山茶亚科花粉最长轴直径从25—55 um,并且以 35~45 um为常见;外壁纹饰多种多样;外壁结构为复盖层一穿孔,极个别为不穿孔(圆仔荷属 Apterosperma)。后一亚科花粉大小为 13~20 um,多为 15~18 um,外壁纹饰很微弱,表面几乎近光滑,仅具稀疏分布的小穴,外壁结构为复盖层一不穿孔。根据花粉特征,讨论了核果茶属(Pyrenaria)和拟核果茶属(Parapyrenaria),以及大头茶属(Gordonia)、Polyspora属、Laplacea属及圆仔荷属之间的系统学关系。最后从山茶科花粉的演化趋势并结合化石记录讨论了山茶科的系统关系及演化。

关键词: 山茶科, 茶粉形态, 系统学意义

Abstract: The pollen of 50 or so species representing 17 genera of Theaceae was examined by light microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope for the pufpose to elucidate the systematic relationshipes of the family. The examination indicates that the pollen grains are 3-colporate basically,suboblate to spheroidal and a few to subprolate in shape, with size from 13- 50 pm(polar axis) x l3~ 55 pm(equatorial axis). The pollen sculpture can be divided in-to rugulate, granulate, reticulate, foveolate, spinulate, verrucate and psilate types etc. The exine consists of tectum, columellae, foot layer and endexine.

Key words: Teaceae, Pollen morphology, Systematic significance