Total RNAs were extracted from the petals of Petunia hybrida strains with different flower colors. Using Olig (dT) as pimer, the total RNAs were synthesized into the first strand of cDNA by reverse transcription reaction. By Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)amplificaton, we obtained a cDNA fragdesigned according to the cDNA encoding region of cytochrome b5 protein that were reported previously. The PCR products were cloned into pGEM-T vector,respectively. We analyzed the sequences of different recombinant plasmids and compared them with the reported cDNA sequence of Cyt b5. We found that their encoding areas all contain 447 nucleotides and encode 149 amino acid residues. However, the cDNAs from violet and blue Petunia have one different nucleotide, but without different amino acid residues from the reported cDNA; those from pink and white Petunia have three different nucleotides and two different amino acid residues from the reported cDNA. These results imply that the Cyt b5 gene regulation on flower color may be relevant to the primary structure of its encoding cDNA.

Cypripedium flavum P.F.Hunt et Summerh. is an alpine perennial herb growing in Northwest Yunnan, China. The study on differentiation of its flower bud has been carried out. The results show that the process from bud formation to completion of floral organs differentiation lasts two years, and dormant buds can be subdivided into one-year buds, two-year buds and perennial dormant buds by their different developmental phases. From early June to July of the first year, two one-year buds emerge from the lateral base of the two-year bud and differentiate 7 to 9 spires before October and lay dormant in winter. In the next year, they (called 'two-year buds'now) start to grow in late April,and differentiate floral organs in summer. During this period,two new one-year buds develop. After this, usually only one of the two year buds continue growing. The other one lay dormant and usually do not develop again. It is called 'perennial dormant bud'. At the end of second growth season, an entire mix bud which contains spires, sepals, petals,stamina and pistils occours. In the third year, it's growth commences as the weather become warmer in late spring. The plants flower in May and fruit in June, and wither from September to October. The developmental process of the buds shows an adaptive mode in alpine regions.

A new boleteous fungus Sinoboletus tengii is described from Prov. Fujian, China. In honor of a distinguished Chinese foremost Mycologist, the late acandemican of Chinese Academy of Sciences Teng Shu Chun (December 12,1902-May 10.1970),the authors named the species "tengii".

Quoad dispositionem segmentorum foliorum ad C.viminalem accedit, sed fructibus majorbus, ellipsoides(2.3-2.7cm×1.3-1.6cm),bruneo-fuscescentibus, squamis margine ciliatis brunneo-furfuraceis facile differt.

Species nova Paphiopedilo wardii Summerh.proxima,a quo differt foliis 7-11(non 3-5) colore pallidioribus,bractea ovario fere aeguilonga (non quam ovario multo breviore),petalis longitudinaliter nigritello-nervosis,labello multo minore ca 1cm lato (non 2-2.5 cm lato).

A new ent-kauranoid named rabdoternin H(1) was isolated from the aerial part of Isodon ternifolius and is structure was determined by the spectroscopic methods. Five known ent-kaurane diterpenoids, isodonal (2), longikaurin A,E,g(3-5)and effusanin E(6), together with luteolin (7), apigenin(8),α-amyrin(9),ursolic acid(10)and 2α-hydroxy-ursolic acid (11)were also reported in this paper.

There are few rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) pocket-like units which have large amount of coated vesicles (100-150nm) in the hydration pollen grain and pollen tube of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Monch.).In the newly -formed pollen tube, the coated vesicles mainly come from the pollen grain. The coated vesicles in the growing pollen tube are secreted from golgi body. And the breakage of RER is another resource of coated vesicles in the growing pollen tube. In the pollen tube of buckwheat, the function of coated vesicles which comtain the precursor of pollen tube wall is to form pollen tube besides decomposing lipid bodies and amyloplast. The decomposing sustance of stigma and stye cells play an important role in the growth of pollen tube of buckwheat.

Pollen grains of 13 species of Phyllanthus Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) were examined by light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result showed that five types of aperture can be divided, namely 3-colporate, 4,5-colporate, multi-colporate, pantocolpate and pantoporate, which are more of less related to the sections divided by Li in Flora of China (Vol.44),though they are not very identical with the sections. The aperture types have some values in the division of sections. All species have reticulate exine sculpture and there is no obvious sculpture difference among sections or species, although the sculptures can be divided into gross, middle and fine reticulations among species.

The somatic chromosome numbers of 8 taxa of Begonia from Yunnan, China are reported: Begonia cabaleriei Levl. 2n=30; B.ceratocarpa S.H.Huang et Shui 2n=20; B.hemsleyana J.D.Hooker 2n=20; B.longicarpa K.Y.Guan et D.K.Tian 2n=20; B.palmata var. browingiana (Champ. ex Benth.)J.Golding et C.Kareg.2n=22;B.rex Putz.2n=22;B.silletensis subsp.mengrangensis M.C.Tebbitt et K.Y.Guan 2n=22 ();Bversicolor Irmscher 2n=22.Their chromosome numbers are reported here for the first time except those of B.hemsleyana, B.rex and B.versicolor.

Numerous mushrooms are toxic to insects. To identify the chemicals involved in insecticidal activity, the toxicity of 14 species has been studied for water solubility, thermolability, and dialysis. The data strongly suggest that proteins are responsible for most of the insecticidal avtivity in mushroom fruitboodies and may be a source of genes available for plant protection against insects. Among proteins, lectins and haemolysins are good insecticide candidates because the toxicities are not affected by protease.

The ultrastructural localization of Cd and Zn in leaf cells of Potamogeton crispus Linn. was studied with modified sulfide-silver method.Observation showed that Cd and Zn appeared in cell wall,cell membrane and tonoplast. Silver grains were also observed in chloroplast and certain vacuoles . The toxic mechanism of heavy metals was discussed based on the experimental ersults.

By using PCR method, partial sequences of chalcone synthase (CHS)gene exon 2 were amplified from genomic DNA of Tutcheria spectabilis (Theaceae). After cloning and sequencing, 12 sequences ranging from 740 bp to 780bp were obtained. Comparing these sequences, with the ones of Medicago sativa and Pinus sylvestris from EMBL database, it reveals a similarity higher than 70% at the nucleotide level, and they are the members of CHS gene family. The result indicates that these sequences consist of five diffrent gene copies in three groups. In group 1,the CHS genes lost their functions because of indels of bases, then turning into pseudo-genes, which is reported here for the first time;In group 2, the gene copies provide new functions because of the mutation of the amino acid in active sites; In group 3, the copies have the same function of CHS genes. It is suggested that the CHS gene family in Theaceae is large, which has complex evolutionary mode.

MLA clone(MLA) of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blade was difficult to root. E.urophylla S.T.Blade (U6) and E.ABL 12 W5 clone (W5) were relatively easy to root. The activities of peroxidase (POD)in MLA were higher than those in U6 and W5.After the cuttings of Eucalyptus were treated with indolebutyric acid (IBA),the activities of POD (changed regularly) and the content of protein increased at different stages of rooting. The isoenzymes of POD increased after treatment with IBA. The relationship between oxidases and rooting of Eucalyptus cuttings was discussed.

A comparative study between Paphiopedilum malipoense S.C.Chen et Z.H.Tsi and its allies was dealed with in the present paper. All four taxa are treated as varieties of the same species: P. malipoense var. malipoense, P.malipoense var. jackii, P.malipoense var.hiepii and P.malipoense var. angustatum. Their diagnostic characters are tabulated, and a line drawing is provided.

DNA sequences, because of their disparity in the rate of evolution,are suitable for phylogenetic study at different taxonomic levels. It is, therfore, the most significant process to select an sppropriate DNA region to address a certain phylogenetic issues. Based on previous data and our own study, the suitable range of some DNA sequences that are commonly used in current molecular phylogenetic study in mainly focused in this review.

Six populations of Setllaria media and S.apetala and their 57 charaters have been clustered by means of Q-analysis and R-analysis. The results show that (1) In Q-analysis, 4 populations of S. media and 2 populations of S.apetala can be divided into 2 groups by combined line. This result supports the opinion that S.media and S.apetala should be treated as two species.(2)In R-analysis, the characters of complete positive correlatio, great positive correlation and great negative correlation have been found. In terms of a combined lines, 57 characters are clustered to 5 groups. The taxonomic significance of these characters has also been analyzed.

There are 970 species, 329 genera, 65 families of seed plants distributed in this area (34.50'-35.55'N and 100.40'-102.30'E). Its floristic characteristics are as follows:(1)The flora is formed under the influence of alpine-arctic and xeric ecological environment. (2) The north temperate elements are superior than the old world temperate elements and others in numbers. (3) The north temperate elements are superior than the old world temperate elements and others in numbers.

Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) proposed by Rosen (1985) is analytical method for bigeography. The method, however, had some shortcomings, as it does not present a method to separate primitive and advanced taxa in their distribution areas. In the present paper, an improved PAE method is proosed to satisfy the demand. The primitive and advanced taxa are indicated by the signs 0 and 1 respectively. Both primitive and advanced characters of taxa are confirmed by means of taxon cladogram.

The authors made a revision of Gerbera L. ex Cass. (s. lat.)from China in accordance with the updated circumscription of the generic group, which are Leibnitzia Cass., Gerbera Cass. (s.str) and Piloselloides (Less.) C.Jeffrey ex Cufod. We checked some names, treated them taxonomically and discussed the relationships of the formation of vicarious species among them and the physical history. After the taxonomic treatments, it was shown that there are 4 species of Leibnitzia, probably 6 species of Gerbera and 1 species of Piloselloides in China. Perhaps the SW China with Hengduan Mountains as its core is a center of diversity and differentiation of the generic group.