Biodiv Sci ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (3): 319-326. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08206
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Tiancai Huang1,2,3, Chunlin Long1,2,*()
Received:
2010-08-25
Accepted:
2011-02-23
Online:
2011-05-20
Published:
2013-12-10
Contact:
Chunlin Long
Tiancai Huang, Chunlin Long. Priorities for genetic resource collection and preservation of wild gymnosperms in Yunnan: an analysis based on the “3E” principle[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2011, 19(3): 319-326.
评价指标 Criteria | 优先性次序 Priority ranking | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | |
珍稀濒危 Rare and Endangered | 极危 Critically Endangered (CR) | 濒危 Endangered (EN) | 易危 Vulnerable (VU) |
区域特有 Endemism | 狭域特有(E1) Endemic to a narrow area | 云南特有(E2) Endemic to Yunnan | 边缘特有和中国特有(E3) Endemic to China or distributed in Yunnan and its surrounding regions |
经济价值 Economic value | 稀有或著名的食用、药用、观赏、木材、工业原料、能源、育种材料及其他特殊用途材料(Ea) Rare or famous, edible, medicinal, aesthetic, timber, material for industry, bioenergy, breeding material, and other special material. | 较好的药用、观赏、木材、食用、工业原料、能源、育种材料及其他特殊用途材料(Eb) Preferable, edible, medicinal, aest- hetic, timber, material for indu- stry, bioenergy, breeding material and other special material. | 基本的药用、观赏、木材、食用、工业原料、能源、育种材料(Ec) Essential, edible, medicinal, aesthetic, timber, material for industry, bioenergy and breeding material. |
生态价值 Ecological value | 建群种、关键种、指示种、高大乔木、农业生态环境建设、重要物质元素循环 (e1) Constructive species, key-stone species, indicator species, big and tall arbor. For agroecological environment construction or important biogeochemical cycle. | 优势种、速生种、先锋植物、乔木, 重要的灌木及木质藤本(e2) Dominant species, fast-growing species, pioneer arbor, important shrub or woody vine. | 一般性小乔木、灌木、木质藤本(e3) Small tree, shrub, or woody vine |
潜在的价值 Potential value | 潜在经济价值、发展农业和保护生物多样性的价值(p1) Potential value in economic, agricultural development, and biodiversity conservation | 潜在的生态、科研和文化价值(p2) Potential value in ecological, scientific and cultural aspects | 潜在的环境建设与保护价值 (p3) Potential value in environmental development and conservation |
科研价值 Scientific value | 全球性科研学术价值(s1) Globally important in science | 国内或地方科研学术价值(s2) Domestic or local scientific value | |
文化价值 Cultural value | 宗教、民族、农业、旅游、文学等的标志性植物(c1) Landmark plants for religion, nationality, agriculture, tourism, literature and so on | 民间习俗、地域性文化等 (c2) Folk custom and regional culture | 民族特有的文化(c3) Ethnic culture endemic to a group |
其他价值 Others value | 重要的绿化和环境保护(o1) Important value in afforestation and environmental protection | 较好的绿化和环境保护(o2) Preferable afforestation and environmental protection | 一般的绿化和环境保护(o3) General value in afforestation and environmental protection |
Table 1 Evaluation criteria and codes of genetic resources
评价指标 Criteria | 优先性次序 Priority ranking | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | |
珍稀濒危 Rare and Endangered | 极危 Critically Endangered (CR) | 濒危 Endangered (EN) | 易危 Vulnerable (VU) |
区域特有 Endemism | 狭域特有(E1) Endemic to a narrow area | 云南特有(E2) Endemic to Yunnan | 边缘特有和中国特有(E3) Endemic to China or distributed in Yunnan and its surrounding regions |
经济价值 Economic value | 稀有或著名的食用、药用、观赏、木材、工业原料、能源、育种材料及其他特殊用途材料(Ea) Rare or famous, edible, medicinal, aesthetic, timber, material for industry, bioenergy, breeding material, and other special material. | 较好的药用、观赏、木材、食用、工业原料、能源、育种材料及其他特殊用途材料(Eb) Preferable, edible, medicinal, aest- hetic, timber, material for indu- stry, bioenergy, breeding material and other special material. | 基本的药用、观赏、木材、食用、工业原料、能源、育种材料(Ec) Essential, edible, medicinal, aesthetic, timber, material for industry, bioenergy and breeding material. |
生态价值 Ecological value | 建群种、关键种、指示种、高大乔木、农业生态环境建设、重要物质元素循环 (e1) Constructive species, key-stone species, indicator species, big and tall arbor. For agroecological environment construction or important biogeochemical cycle. | 优势种、速生种、先锋植物、乔木, 重要的灌木及木质藤本(e2) Dominant species, fast-growing species, pioneer arbor, important shrub or woody vine. | 一般性小乔木、灌木、木质藤本(e3) Small tree, shrub, or woody vine |
潜在的价值 Potential value | 潜在经济价值、发展农业和保护生物多样性的价值(p1) Potential value in economic, agricultural development, and biodiversity conservation | 潜在的生态、科研和文化价值(p2) Potential value in ecological, scientific and cultural aspects | 潜在的环境建设与保护价值 (p3) Potential value in environmental development and conservation |
科研价值 Scientific value | 全球性科研学术价值(s1) Globally important in science | 国内或地方科研学术价值(s2) Domestic or local scientific value | |
文化价值 Cultural value | 宗教、民族、农业、旅游、文学等的标志性植物(c1) Landmark plants for religion, nationality, agriculture, tourism, literature and so on | 民间习俗、地域性文化等 (c2) Folk custom and regional culture | 民族特有的文化(c3) Ethnic culture endemic to a group |
其他价值 Others value | 重要的绿化和环境保护(o1) Important value in afforestation and environmental protection | 较好的绿化和环境保护(o2) Preferable afforestation and environmental protection | 一般的绿化和环境保护(o3) General value in afforestation and environmental protection |
物种 Species | 主要分布区(1) Major distribution | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 3E标准(2) 3E criterion |
---|---|---|---|
三尖杉科 Cephalotaxaceae | |||
三尖杉 Cephalotaxus fortunei* | I, III, IV, VIII | 2,000-2,900 | VU A2c, Ea, e1, s2 |
高山三尖杉 C. fortunei | I, III | 1,100-3,700 | E3, Eb, e3, s2 |
贡山三尖杉 C. lanceolata* | IV | About 2,000 | CR A2c, E1, Eb, e1, s2 |
西双版纳粗榧 C. mannii* | VIII, VI | 1,000-1,900 | VU A1d, Ea, e1, s2, p1, o1 |
篦子三尖杉 C. oliveri* | I, III, VIII, IX | 300-2,000 | VU A1d, E3, Ea, e1, s2, p1, o1 |
粗榧 C. sinensis* | I, III, V, VIII | 600-3,200 | E3, Eb, e1, s2, p1, o1 |
柏科 Cupressaceae | |||
翠柏 Calocdrus macrolepis* | I, IV, V, VI, VIII | 300-2,100 | VU A2c, Eb, e2, p1, c1, o1 |
干香柏 Cupressus duclouxiana | I, II, III, VI, VII, VIII, XI | 1,300-3,400 | VU A1c, E3, Eb, e2, p2, c2, o2 |
柏木 C. funebris* | I, VIII; | 1,000-1,500 | VU A1c, E3, Eb, e2, p2, c2, o2 |
福建柏 Fokienia hodginsii | I, VII, VIII, IX | 100-1,800 | VU B2ab (i, ii), Eb, e2, c2, o2 |
德钦柏 Juniperus baimashanesis* | II | 3,400 | CR B1ac (ii)+2ac (ii), E1, c2 |
万钧柏 J. chengii* | XI | 3,100-3,200 | CR B1ab (ii), E1, c2 |
刺柏 J. formosana | I, II, III | 200-3,400 | E3, Eb, e2, c2, o2 |
昆明柏 J. gausenii* | I, VIII | 1,200-2,000 | EN B2ab (ii), E1, Eb, e2, c2, o1 |
滇藏方枝柏 J. indica* | II, XI | 2,600-5,100 | VU A2c, e1, c2, o3 |
垂枝香柏 J. pingii | II, III | 2,600-4,400 | VU A2c, E2, e2, c3 |
直叶香柏 J. pingii var. carinata | II, III | 2,700-4,500 | E3, Eb, e2, c2, p3 |
香柏 J. pingii var. Wilsonii | II, III | 2,200-4,900 | E3, Eb, e2, c2, o2 |
垂枝柏 J. recurva | II, III, IV, XI | 2,700-3,900 | VU A1c, E3, E3c, e3, c2 |
小果垂枝柏 J. recurva var. coxii | II, III, IV, XI | 1,800-3,800 | VU A1c, Ec, c2 |
方枝柏 J. saltuaria | II | 2,700-4,500 | E3, Ec, e2, c2 |
高山柏 J. squamata | II, III, IV, XI | 2,500-4,400 | Ec, e3, c2 |
长叶高山柏 J. squamata var. fargesii | II, III, XI | 1,600-4,500 | E3, Ec, e3, c2 |
侧柏 Platycladus orientalis | Yunnan | 1,800-3,400 | Eb, e3, c2, o2 |
圆柏 Sabina chinensis* | I, II | 1,000-3,900 | Eb, e2, c2, o1 |
苏铁科 Cycadaceae | |||
宽叶苏铁 Cycas balansae | V, VI, VIII | 100-1,200 | VU A1cd, Ea, e2, s2, o3 |
德保苏铁 C. debaoensis* | VIII | 600-1,100 | CR B1(iv, v)+2ab (iv, v), E3, c1, o2 |
广东苏铁 C. taiwaniana | VIII | 400-1,100 | VU B2ab (ii), E3, s2, o2 |
长叶苏铁 C. dolichophylla | VIII | 520-600 | E3, Eb, s2 |
灰干苏铁 C. hongheensis* | VIII | 300-800 | CR B1ab (ii, v), E1, e1, s2 |
长柄叉叶苏铁 C. longipetiolula | VIII | 400-1,000 | E1, Eb, e2, s2 |
叉叶苏铁 C. micholitzii* | VIII | 100-700 | EN B2ab (ii), Eb, e2, s2 |
多羽叉叶苏铁 C. multifrondisa | VIII | 200-800 | E2, Eb, e2, s2, p1, o3 |
多歧苏铁 C. multipinnata* | VIII | 250-1,100 | EN A1cd, E2, Eb, e2, s2, p1, o2 |
攀枝花苏铁 C. panzhihuaensis* | I, II | 1,100-2,000 | EN A2c, E3, Eb, e2, s2, p1, o2 |
元江苏铁 C. parvulus* | I, V, VI | 700-1,200 | E2, Eb, e2, s2, p1, o2 |
篦齿苏铁 C. pectinata* | I, V, VI, VIII | 1,000-1,800 | VU A2cd, Eb, e2, s2, p1, o1 |
苏铁 C. revoluta* | Cultivated in Ynunan | 100-500 | CR A4cd, E2, Eb, e2, s2, p1, c1, o1 |
叉孢苏铁 C. segmentifida* | VIII | 550-760 | EN A2c, E3, Eb, e2, s2, p1, o3 |
单羽苏铁 C. simplicipinna | V, VI | 500-900 | Eb, e2, s2, p1, o3 |
贵州苏铁 C. szechuanensis | I, VIII | 400-700 | VU A2cd, Ec, e3, s2, p3, o3 |
绿春苏铁 C. tangingii* | VII, VIII | Below 1,000 | Eb, e2, s2, p1, o3 |
河内苏铁 C. tonkinensis* | VIII | 200-1,000 | E1, Eb, e2, s2, p1, o3 |
麻黄科 Ephederaceae | |||
丽江麻黄 Ehperdra liliangensis* | I, II, III, IV, XI | 2,300-4,100 | E3, Eb, e2, s2, p2, o2 |
藏麻黄 E. saxatilis* | I | 3,100-4,600 | Eb, e3, s2, p1 |
银杏科 Ginkgoaceae | |||
银杏 Ginkgo biloba* | I, X, IX, IX | Below 2,000 | E3, Ea, e1, s1, p1, c1, o1 |
买麻藤科 Gnetaceae | |||
少苞买麻藤 G. brunonianum | IV | 350 | Ec, e3, s2, p3 |
球子买麻藤 G. catasphaericum | Yunnan | Ec, e3, s2, p3 | |
闭苞买麻藤 G. cleistostachyum* | VIII | 1,200-2,000 | E1, Ec, e1, s2, p1, o3 |
灌状买麻藤 G. gnemon* | IV | VU D2, Ec, e3, s2, p3 | |
细柄买麻藤 G. gracilipes* | VIII | EN B2ab (ii), E3, Ec, e3, s2, p3 | |
海南买麻藤 G. hainanense | VIII | 100-900 | Eb, e2, s2, p3 |
买麻藤 G. montanum | V, VI, VII, VIII | 500-2,700 | Eb, e2, s2, p3 |
垂子买麻藤 G. pendulum | IV, V, VI, VII, VIII | 600-1,800 | VU B2ab (iii), E3, Eb, e2, s2, p3 |
松科 Pinaceae | |||
苍山冷杉 Abies delavayi* | III, IV, XI | 2,500-4,300 | VU A2c, E3, Eb, e1, s2, p1, o3 |
云南黄果冷杉 A. ernestii var. salouenensis | II, IV, XI | 2,200-3,200 | E3, Eb, e2, s2, p3, o3 |
中甸冷杉 A. ferreana* | II, XI | 3,300-3,800 | EN A2c, E3, Ea, e2, s2, p1, o3 |
川滇冷杉 A. forrestii | II, IV, XI | 2,800-3,400 | VU A2c, E3, Ea, e2, s2, p2, o3 |
长苞冷杉 A. georgei* | I, XI | 2,500-4,200 | VU A2c, Eb, e1, p1 |
急尖长苞冷杉 A. georgei var. smithii | II, III, XI | 2,600-4,100 | E3, Eb, e2, p2 |
怒江冷杉 A. nukiangensis* | III, XI | 2,500-2,900 | EN A2c, E2, Eb, e2, p2 |
铁坚油杉 Keteleeria davidiana* | X | 600-1,500 | VU A2c, E3, Eb, e1, p1, s2 |
云南油杉 K. evelyniana* | I, II, XI | 700-2,900 | VU A2c, Ea, e1, p1 |
江南油杉 K. fortunei* | V, VI, VII, VIII | 300-1,600 | E3, Eb, e1, p1 |
威信油杉 K. weixinensis* | IX | 1,170 | E1, Ec, e2 |
红杉 Larix potaninii* | I | 2,500-4,150 | VU A2c, E3, Eb, e1, p1 |
大果红杉 L. potaninii var. australis | II, XI | 2,500 - 4,150 | E3, Eb, e2, p2 |
怒江红杉 L. speciosa* | II, III, IV, XI | 2,600-4,100 | VU A1c, E3, Eb, e2, p2, s2 |
麦吊杉 Picea brachytyla* | II, XI | 1,500-2,900 | VU A1cd, E3, Eb, e1, p1, s2 |
油麦吊云杉 P. brachytyla var. complanata* | II, III, IV, XI | 2,000-3,800 | E3, Eb, e1, p1, s2 |
缅甸云杉 P. farreri | IV | 2,400-2,700 | E3, Eb, e2, p2 |
丽江云杉 P. likiangensis | II, XI | 2,300-3,800 | Eb, e2, p2 |
林芝云杉 P. likiangensis var. linzhiensis | II, XI | 2,900-3,700 | VU A2c, E3, Eb, e2, p2 |
华山松 Pinus armandi* | I, II, III, V, XI | 1,100-3,300 | Ea, e1, p1, c2, o2 |
高山松 P. densata* | II, XI | 2,600-3,500 | E3, Eb, e1, p1, c2, o2 |
思茅松 P. kesiya var. lanbianensis* | IV, V, VI, VII, VIII | 600-2,000 | Ea, e1, p1, s2, c2, o1 |
马尾松 P. massoniana* | VIII, IX | Near 2,000 | E3, Ea, e1, p1, c1, s2, o2 |
巧家五针松 P. squamata* | IX | 2,000-2,300 | CR A1a; B1ab (ii)+2ab (ii), E1, Eb, e1, p2, c2, s1 |
黄山松 P. taiwanensis* | VIII | 600-3,400 | E3, Eb, e1, p2, s2, c1, o1 |
乔松 P. wallichiana* | IV, XI | 1,600-4,000 | VU A1c, Eb, e1, p2, c2, s2 |
毛枝五针松 P. wangii* | VIII | 1,100-2,000 | CR A1a, E3, Eb, e1, p2, s2, c2, o2 |
云南松 P. yunnanensis* | I, II, III, V, VI, VIII | 600-2,800 | E3, Ea, e1, p2, s2, c2, o2 |
地盘松 P. yunnanensis var. pygmaea* | I, X, XI | 2,000-3,100 | E3, Ec, e2, p2, s2, o2 |
澜沧黄杉 Pseudotsuga forrestii* | II, XI | 2,200-3,200 | VU A1cd, E3, Eb, e2, p2, s2 |
黄杉 P. sinensis* | I, IX, X | 600-3,300 | VU A1cd, E3, Eb, e2, p2, s2 |
铁杉 Tsuga chinensis | I, II, III, IV, V, X, XI | 1,000-3,200 | E3, Eb, e2, p2, s2, o2 |
丽江铁杉 T. chinensis var. forrestii | II, XI | 2,100-3,000 | VU A1cd, E3, Eb, e2, p2, s2, o2 |
云南铁杉 T. dumosa | I, II, III, V, XI | 2,200-3,500 | Ea, e2, p2, o2 |
罗汉松科 Podocarpaceae | |||
鸡毛松 Dacrycarpus var. patulus* | VI, VII, VIII | 800-1,500 | VU A1c, Ea, e2, p2, s2, o2 |
长叶竹柏 Nageia fleuryi* | VIII | 800-900 | VU A1c, Ea, e2, p2, s2, o2 |
肉托竹柏 N. Wallichiana* | VI | 500-600 | EN A2c, Ea, e2, p2, s2, o2 |
大理罗汉松 Podocarpus forrestii* | III | 2,200-3,000 | CR B1ac (v), E1, Ea, e2, p2, s2, o1 |
罗汉松 P. macrophyllus* | VIII | About 1,000 | Ea, e2, p1, s1, c1, o2 |
短叶罗汉松 P. macrophyllus var. maki | Cultivated in Yunnan | Below 1,000 | E3, e2, p3, s2, o2 |
百日青 P. neriifolius* | V, VI, VII, VIII | 100-1,800 | VU A2c, Ea, e2, p1, s1, o2 |
小叶罗汉松 P. wangii* | VIII | 700-2,000 | E3, Ea, e2, p1, s1, o2 |
红豆杉科 Taxaceae | |||
云南穗花杉 Amentotaxus yunnanensis* | VII, VIII | 900-1,500 | EN A1c, Ea, e2, p1, s1, o2 |
白豆杉 Pseudotaxus chienii* | VIII | 800-1,500 | VU A1c, E3, Ea, e2, p1, s1, o2 |
红豆杉 T. chinensis* | VIII, IX, X | 1,000-1,500 | VU A1cd, E3, Ea, e2, p1, s1, o2 |
南方红豆杉 T. chinensis var. mairei* | I, II, III, IX, X | 1,000-1,200 | VU A2c, Ea, e2, p1, s1, o2 |
喜马拉雅红豆杉 T. wallichiana* | IV | 2,000-3,500 | VU A2c, Ea, e2, p1, s1, o2 |
云南红豆杉 T. yunnanensis* | II, III, V | 2,000-3,500 | VU A2c, Ea, e2, p1, s1, o2 |
云南榧树 Torreya fargesii var. yunnanensis* | I, II, III, IV | 2,000-3,400 | EN A1cd, E1, Ea, e2, p1, s2 |
杉科 Taxodiaceae | |||
柳杉 Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis* | Cultivated in Ynunan | 300-2,400 | VU A2c, E3, Eb, e1, p1, c1, s2 |
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata* | I, III, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX | 1,000-2,900 | Ea, e1, p1 |
水松 Glyptostrobus pensilis* | VIII, VII | 1,000-1,600 | E3, Ea, e2, c1, p1, s1 |
台湾杉 Taiwania cryptomerioides* | IV, V | 1,700-2,800 | E3, Ea, e2, c1, p2, s2 |
Appendix I Information and feature classification of genetic resources of wild gymnosperms in Yunnan Province
物种 Species | 主要分布区(1) Major distribution | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 3E标准(2) 3E criterion |
---|---|---|---|
三尖杉科 Cephalotaxaceae | |||
三尖杉 Cephalotaxus fortunei* | I, III, IV, VIII | 2,000-2,900 | VU A2c, Ea, e1, s2 |
高山三尖杉 C. fortunei | I, III | 1,100-3,700 | E3, Eb, e3, s2 |
贡山三尖杉 C. lanceolata* | IV | About 2,000 | CR A2c, E1, Eb, e1, s2 |
西双版纳粗榧 C. mannii* | VIII, VI | 1,000-1,900 | VU A1d, Ea, e1, s2, p1, o1 |
篦子三尖杉 C. oliveri* | I, III, VIII, IX | 300-2,000 | VU A1d, E3, Ea, e1, s2, p1, o1 |
粗榧 C. sinensis* | I, III, V, VIII | 600-3,200 | E3, Eb, e1, s2, p1, o1 |
柏科 Cupressaceae | |||
翠柏 Calocdrus macrolepis* | I, IV, V, VI, VIII | 300-2,100 | VU A2c, Eb, e2, p1, c1, o1 |
干香柏 Cupressus duclouxiana | I, II, III, VI, VII, VIII, XI | 1,300-3,400 | VU A1c, E3, Eb, e2, p2, c2, o2 |
柏木 C. funebris* | I, VIII; | 1,000-1,500 | VU A1c, E3, Eb, e2, p2, c2, o2 |
福建柏 Fokienia hodginsii | I, VII, VIII, IX | 100-1,800 | VU B2ab (i, ii), Eb, e2, c2, o2 |
德钦柏 Juniperus baimashanesis* | II | 3,400 | CR B1ac (ii)+2ac (ii), E1, c2 |
万钧柏 J. chengii* | XI | 3,100-3,200 | CR B1ab (ii), E1, c2 |
刺柏 J. formosana | I, II, III | 200-3,400 | E3, Eb, e2, c2, o2 |
昆明柏 J. gausenii* | I, VIII | 1,200-2,000 | EN B2ab (ii), E1, Eb, e2, c2, o1 |
滇藏方枝柏 J. indica* | II, XI | 2,600-5,100 | VU A2c, e1, c2, o3 |
垂枝香柏 J. pingii | II, III | 2,600-4,400 | VU A2c, E2, e2, c3 |
直叶香柏 J. pingii var. carinata | II, III | 2,700-4,500 | E3, Eb, e2, c2, p3 |
香柏 J. pingii var. Wilsonii | II, III | 2,200-4,900 | E3, Eb, e2, c2, o2 |
垂枝柏 J. recurva | II, III, IV, XI | 2,700-3,900 | VU A1c, E3, E3c, e3, c2 |
小果垂枝柏 J. recurva var. coxii | II, III, IV, XI | 1,800-3,800 | VU A1c, Ec, c2 |
方枝柏 J. saltuaria | II | 2,700-4,500 | E3, Ec, e2, c2 |
高山柏 J. squamata | II, III, IV, XI | 2,500-4,400 | Ec, e3, c2 |
长叶高山柏 J. squamata var. fargesii | II, III, XI | 1,600-4,500 | E3, Ec, e3, c2 |
侧柏 Platycladus orientalis | Yunnan | 1,800-3,400 | Eb, e3, c2, o2 |
圆柏 Sabina chinensis* | I, II | 1,000-3,900 | Eb, e2, c2, o1 |
苏铁科 Cycadaceae | |||
宽叶苏铁 Cycas balansae | V, VI, VIII | 100-1,200 | VU A1cd, Ea, e2, s2, o3 |
德保苏铁 C. debaoensis* | VIII | 600-1,100 | CR B1(iv, v)+2ab (iv, v), E3, c1, o2 |
广东苏铁 C. taiwaniana | VIII | 400-1,100 | VU B2ab (ii), E3, s2, o2 |
长叶苏铁 C. dolichophylla | VIII | 520-600 | E3, Eb, s2 |
灰干苏铁 C. hongheensis* | VIII | 300-800 | CR B1ab (ii, v), E1, e1, s2 |
长柄叉叶苏铁 C. longipetiolula | VIII | 400-1,000 | E1, Eb, e2, s2 |
叉叶苏铁 C. micholitzii* | VIII | 100-700 | EN B2ab (ii), Eb, e2, s2 |
多羽叉叶苏铁 C. multifrondisa | VIII | 200-800 | E2, Eb, e2, s2, p1, o3 |
多歧苏铁 C. multipinnata* | VIII | 250-1,100 | EN A1cd, E2, Eb, e2, s2, p1, o2 |
攀枝花苏铁 C. panzhihuaensis* | I, II | 1,100-2,000 | EN A2c, E3, Eb, e2, s2, p1, o2 |
元江苏铁 C. parvulus* | I, V, VI | 700-1,200 | E2, Eb, e2, s2, p1, o2 |
篦齿苏铁 C. pectinata* | I, V, VI, VIII | 1,000-1,800 | VU A2cd, Eb, e2, s2, p1, o1 |
苏铁 C. revoluta* | Cultivated in Ynunan | 100-500 | CR A4cd, E2, Eb, e2, s2, p1, c1, o1 |
叉孢苏铁 C. segmentifida* | VIII | 550-760 | EN A2c, E3, Eb, e2, s2, p1, o3 |
单羽苏铁 C. simplicipinna | V, VI | 500-900 | Eb, e2, s2, p1, o3 |
贵州苏铁 C. szechuanensis | I, VIII | 400-700 | VU A2cd, Ec, e3, s2, p3, o3 |
绿春苏铁 C. tangingii* | VII, VIII | Below 1,000 | Eb, e2, s2, p1, o3 |
河内苏铁 C. tonkinensis* | VIII | 200-1,000 | E1, Eb, e2, s2, p1, o3 |
麻黄科 Ephederaceae | |||
丽江麻黄 Ehperdra liliangensis* | I, II, III, IV, XI | 2,300-4,100 | E3, Eb, e2, s2, p2, o2 |
藏麻黄 E. saxatilis* | I | 3,100-4,600 | Eb, e3, s2, p1 |
银杏科 Ginkgoaceae | |||
银杏 Ginkgo biloba* | I, X, IX, IX | Below 2,000 | E3, Ea, e1, s1, p1, c1, o1 |
买麻藤科 Gnetaceae | |||
少苞买麻藤 G. brunonianum | IV | 350 | Ec, e3, s2, p3 |
球子买麻藤 G. catasphaericum | Yunnan | Ec, e3, s2, p3 | |
闭苞买麻藤 G. cleistostachyum* | VIII | 1,200-2,000 | E1, Ec, e1, s2, p1, o3 |
灌状买麻藤 G. gnemon* | IV | VU D2, Ec, e3, s2, p3 | |
细柄买麻藤 G. gracilipes* | VIII | EN B2ab (ii), E3, Ec, e3, s2, p3 | |
海南买麻藤 G. hainanense | VIII | 100-900 | Eb, e2, s2, p3 |
买麻藤 G. montanum | V, VI, VII, VIII | 500-2,700 | Eb, e2, s2, p3 |
垂子买麻藤 G. pendulum | IV, V, VI, VII, VIII | 600-1,800 | VU B2ab (iii), E3, Eb, e2, s2, p3 |
松科 Pinaceae | |||
苍山冷杉 Abies delavayi* | III, IV, XI | 2,500-4,300 | VU A2c, E3, Eb, e1, s2, p1, o3 |
云南黄果冷杉 A. ernestii var. salouenensis | II, IV, XI | 2,200-3,200 | E3, Eb, e2, s2, p3, o3 |
中甸冷杉 A. ferreana* | II, XI | 3,300-3,800 | EN A2c, E3, Ea, e2, s2, p1, o3 |
川滇冷杉 A. forrestii | II, IV, XI | 2,800-3,400 | VU A2c, E3, Ea, e2, s2, p2, o3 |
长苞冷杉 A. georgei* | I, XI | 2,500-4,200 | VU A2c, Eb, e1, p1 |
急尖长苞冷杉 A. georgei var. smithii | II, III, XI | 2,600-4,100 | E3, Eb, e2, p2 |
怒江冷杉 A. nukiangensis* | III, XI | 2,500-2,900 | EN A2c, E2, Eb, e2, p2 |
铁坚油杉 Keteleeria davidiana* | X | 600-1,500 | VU A2c, E3, Eb, e1, p1, s2 |
云南油杉 K. evelyniana* | I, II, XI | 700-2,900 | VU A2c, Ea, e1, p1 |
江南油杉 K. fortunei* | V, VI, VII, VIII | 300-1,600 | E3, Eb, e1, p1 |
威信油杉 K. weixinensis* | IX | 1,170 | E1, Ec, e2 |
红杉 Larix potaninii* | I | 2,500-4,150 | VU A2c, E3, Eb, e1, p1 |
大果红杉 L. potaninii var. australis | II, XI | 2,500 - 4,150 | E3, Eb, e2, p2 |
怒江红杉 L. speciosa* | II, III, IV, XI | 2,600-4,100 | VU A1c, E3, Eb, e2, p2, s2 |
麦吊杉 Picea brachytyla* | II, XI | 1,500-2,900 | VU A1cd, E3, Eb, e1, p1, s2 |
油麦吊云杉 P. brachytyla var. complanata* | II, III, IV, XI | 2,000-3,800 | E3, Eb, e1, p1, s2 |
缅甸云杉 P. farreri | IV | 2,400-2,700 | E3, Eb, e2, p2 |
丽江云杉 P. likiangensis | II, XI | 2,300-3,800 | Eb, e2, p2 |
林芝云杉 P. likiangensis var. linzhiensis | II, XI | 2,900-3,700 | VU A2c, E3, Eb, e2, p2 |
华山松 Pinus armandi* | I, II, III, V, XI | 1,100-3,300 | Ea, e1, p1, c2, o2 |
高山松 P. densata* | II, XI | 2,600-3,500 | E3, Eb, e1, p1, c2, o2 |
思茅松 P. kesiya var. lanbianensis* | IV, V, VI, VII, VIII | 600-2,000 | Ea, e1, p1, s2, c2, o1 |
马尾松 P. massoniana* | VIII, IX | Near 2,000 | E3, Ea, e1, p1, c1, s2, o2 |
巧家五针松 P. squamata* | IX | 2,000-2,300 | CR A1a; B1ab (ii)+2ab (ii), E1, Eb, e1, p2, c2, s1 |
黄山松 P. taiwanensis* | VIII | 600-3,400 | E3, Eb, e1, p2, s2, c1, o1 |
乔松 P. wallichiana* | IV, XI | 1,600-4,000 | VU A1c, Eb, e1, p2, c2, s2 |
毛枝五针松 P. wangii* | VIII | 1,100-2,000 | CR A1a, E3, Eb, e1, p2, s2, c2, o2 |
云南松 P. yunnanensis* | I, II, III, V, VI, VIII | 600-2,800 | E3, Ea, e1, p2, s2, c2, o2 |
地盘松 P. yunnanensis var. pygmaea* | I, X, XI | 2,000-3,100 | E3, Ec, e2, p2, s2, o2 |
澜沧黄杉 Pseudotsuga forrestii* | II, XI | 2,200-3,200 | VU A1cd, E3, Eb, e2, p2, s2 |
黄杉 P. sinensis* | I, IX, X | 600-3,300 | VU A1cd, E3, Eb, e2, p2, s2 |
铁杉 Tsuga chinensis | I, II, III, IV, V, X, XI | 1,000-3,200 | E3, Eb, e2, p2, s2, o2 |
丽江铁杉 T. chinensis var. forrestii | II, XI | 2,100-3,000 | VU A1cd, E3, Eb, e2, p2, s2, o2 |
云南铁杉 T. dumosa | I, II, III, V, XI | 2,200-3,500 | Ea, e2, p2, o2 |
罗汉松科 Podocarpaceae | |||
鸡毛松 Dacrycarpus var. patulus* | VI, VII, VIII | 800-1,500 | VU A1c, Ea, e2, p2, s2, o2 |
长叶竹柏 Nageia fleuryi* | VIII | 800-900 | VU A1c, Ea, e2, p2, s2, o2 |
肉托竹柏 N. Wallichiana* | VI | 500-600 | EN A2c, Ea, e2, p2, s2, o2 |
大理罗汉松 Podocarpus forrestii* | III | 2,200-3,000 | CR B1ac (v), E1, Ea, e2, p2, s2, o1 |
罗汉松 P. macrophyllus* | VIII | About 1,000 | Ea, e2, p1, s1, c1, o2 |
短叶罗汉松 P. macrophyllus var. maki | Cultivated in Yunnan | Below 1,000 | E3, e2, p3, s2, o2 |
百日青 P. neriifolius* | V, VI, VII, VIII | 100-1,800 | VU A2c, Ea, e2, p1, s1, o2 |
小叶罗汉松 P. wangii* | VIII | 700-2,000 | E3, Ea, e2, p1, s1, o2 |
红豆杉科 Taxaceae | |||
云南穗花杉 Amentotaxus yunnanensis* | VII, VIII | 900-1,500 | EN A1c, Ea, e2, p1, s1, o2 |
白豆杉 Pseudotaxus chienii* | VIII | 800-1,500 | VU A1c, E3, Ea, e2, p1, s1, o2 |
红豆杉 T. chinensis* | VIII, IX, X | 1,000-1,500 | VU A1cd, E3, Ea, e2, p1, s1, o2 |
南方红豆杉 T. chinensis var. mairei* | I, II, III, IX, X | 1,000-1,200 | VU A2c, Ea, e2, p1, s1, o2 |
喜马拉雅红豆杉 T. wallichiana* | IV | 2,000-3,500 | VU A2c, Ea, e2, p1, s1, o2 |
云南红豆杉 T. yunnanensis* | II, III, V | 2,000-3,500 | VU A2c, Ea, e2, p1, s1, o2 |
云南榧树 Torreya fargesii var. yunnanensis* | I, II, III, IV | 2,000-3,400 | EN A1cd, E1, Ea, e2, p1, s2 |
杉科 Taxodiaceae | |||
柳杉 Cryptomeria japonica var. sinensis* | Cultivated in Ynunan | 300-2,400 | VU A2c, E3, Eb, e1, p1, c1, s2 |
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata* | I, III, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX | 1,000-2,900 | Ea, e1, p1 |
水松 Glyptostrobus pensilis* | VIII, VII | 1,000-1,600 | E3, Ea, e2, c1, p1, s1 |
台湾杉 Taiwania cryptomerioides* | IV, V | 1,700-2,800 | E3, Ea, e2, c1, p2, s2 |
分布区 Zones | 科Families | 属 Genera | 种 Species |
---|---|---|---|
I 云南高原区 | 8 | 19 | 30 |
II 金沙江区 | 6 | 16 | 36 |
III 滇西峡谷区 | 7 | 14 | 28 |
IV 东喜马拉雅区 | 7 | 13 | 22 |
V 澜沧、红河中游区 | 8 | 13 | 18 |
VI 滇缅老越边境区 | 6 | 12 | 15 |
VII 滇越边境区 | 7 | 12 | 12 |
VIII 滇东南区 | 8 | 21 | 44 |
IX 滇东地区 | 5 | 8 | 11 |
X 大小凉山区 | 2 | 4 | 7 |
XI 康藏高原区 | 3 | 10 | 30 |
Table 2 The horizontal distribution of wild gymnosperm genetic resources in Yunnan
分布区 Zones | 科Families | 属 Genera | 种 Species |
---|---|---|---|
I 云南高原区 | 8 | 19 | 30 |
II 金沙江区 | 6 | 16 | 36 |
III 滇西峡谷区 | 7 | 14 | 28 |
IV 东喜马拉雅区 | 7 | 13 | 22 |
V 澜沧、红河中游区 | 8 | 13 | 18 |
VI 滇缅老越边境区 | 6 | 12 | 15 |
VII 滇越边境区 | 7 | 12 | 12 |
VIII 滇东南区 | 8 | 21 | 44 |
IX 滇东地区 | 5 | 8 | 11 |
X 大小凉山区 | 2 | 4 | 7 |
XI 康藏高原区 | 3 | 10 | 30 |
水系 River system | 种数 Species number (%) |
---|---|
金沙江-长江 Jinsha River-the Yangtze River | 39(36.5) |
南盘江-珠江 Nanpan River-the Pearl River | 30(28.0) |
澜沧江-湄公河 Lancang River-the Mekong River | 55(51.4) |
怒江-萨尔温江 Nujiang River-the Salween River | 37(34.6) |
元江-红河 Yuanjiang River-the Red River | 44(41.1) |
独龙江、大盈江、瑞丽江-伊洛瓦底江 Dulong River, Daying River, and Ruili River -the Ayeyarwady River | 39(36.5) |
Table 3 Distribution of wild gymnosperm genetic resources in six river systems in Yunnan
水系 River system | 种数 Species number (%) |
---|---|
金沙江-长江 Jinsha River-the Yangtze River | 39(36.5) |
南盘江-珠江 Nanpan River-the Pearl River | 30(28.0) |
澜沧江-湄公河 Lancang River-the Mekong River | 55(51.4) |
怒江-萨尔温江 Nujiang River-the Salween River | 37(34.6) |
元江-红河 Yuanjiang River-the Red River | 44(41.1) |
独龙江、大盈江、瑞丽江-伊洛瓦底江 Dulong River, Daying River, and Ruili River -the Ayeyarwady River | 39(36.5) |
海拔 Altitude (m) | 主要科 Major families | 主要属 Major genera | 种数 Species number |
---|---|---|---|
100- 1,500 | 苏铁科 Cycadaceae 买麻藤科 Gnetaceae 罗汉松科 Podocarpaceae | 福建柏属 Fokienia 翠柏属 Calocedrus 穗花杉属 Amentotaxus | 48 |
1,500- 3,500 | 杉科 Taxodiaceae 柏科 Cupressaceae 买麻藤科 Gnetaceae 三尖杉科 Cephalotaxaceae | 松属 Pinus 油杉属 Keteleeria | 66 |
Above 3,500 | 松科 Pinaceae | 刺柏属 Juniperus 榧属 Torreya 红豆杉属 Taxus | 29 |
Table 4 The vertical distribution of wild gymnosperm genetic resources in Yunnan
海拔 Altitude (m) | 主要科 Major families | 主要属 Major genera | 种数 Species number |
---|---|---|---|
100- 1,500 | 苏铁科 Cycadaceae 买麻藤科 Gnetaceae 罗汉松科 Podocarpaceae | 福建柏属 Fokienia 翠柏属 Calocedrus 穗花杉属 Amentotaxus | 48 |
1,500- 3,500 | 杉科 Taxodiaceae 柏科 Cupressaceae 买麻藤科 Gnetaceae 三尖杉科 Cephalotaxaceae | 松属 Pinus 油杉属 Keteleeria | 66 |
Above 3,500 | 松科 Pinaceae | 刺柏属 Juniperus 榧属 Torreya 红豆杉属 Taxus | 29 |
亟待优先保存 To be urgently collected and preserved | ||
---|---|---|
贡山三尖杉 Cephalotaxus lanceolata | 苏铁 C. revoluta | 大理罗汉松 Podocarpus forrestii |
德保苏铁 Cycas debaoensis | 德钦柏 Juniperus baimashanensis | 巧家五针松 Pinus squamata |
灰干苏铁 C. hongheensis | 万钧柏 J. chengii | 毛枝五针松 P. wangii |
优先保存 To be priorly collected and preserved | ||
中甸冷杉 Abies ferreana | 绿春苏铁 C. tangingii | 麦吊杉 Picea brachytyla |
怒江冷杉 A. nukiangensis | 河内苏铁 C. tonkinensis | 华山松 Pinus armandi |
云南穗花杉 Amentotaxus yunnanensis | 鸡毛松 Dacrycarpus imbricatus var. patulus | 黄山松 P. taiwanensis |
三尖杉 Cephalotaxus fortunei | 昆明柏 Juniperus gausenii | 乔松 P. wallichiana |
西双版纳粗榧 C. mannii | 银杏 Ginkgo biloba | 罗汉松 Podocarpus macrophyllus |
篦子三尖杉 C. oliveri | 闭苞买麻藤 Gnetum cleistostachyum | 白豆杉 Pseudotaxus chienii |
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata | 灌状买麻藤 G. gnemon | 圆柏 Sabina chinensis |
翠柏 Cupressus macrolepis | 细柄买麻藤 G. gracilipes | 红豆杉 Taxus chinensis |
叉叶苏铁 Cycas micholitzii | 水松 Glyptostrobus pensilis | 南方红豆杉 T. chinensis var. mairei |
多歧苏铁 C. multipinnata | 铁坚油杉 Keteleeria davidiana | 喜马拉雅红豆杉 T. wallichiana |
攀枝花苏铁 C. panzhihuaensis | 威信油杉 K. weixinensis | 云南红豆杉 T. yunnanensis |
元江苏铁 C. parvulus | 红杉 Larix potaninii | 云南榧树 Torreya fargesii var. yunnanensis |
篦齿苏铁 C. pectinata | 长叶竹柏 Nageia fleuryi | |
叉孢苏铁 C. segmentifida | 肉托竹柏 N. wallichiana |
Table 5 Wild gymnosperm genetic resources to be urgently or priorly collected and preserved in Yunnan
亟待优先保存 To be urgently collected and preserved | ||
---|---|---|
贡山三尖杉 Cephalotaxus lanceolata | 苏铁 C. revoluta | 大理罗汉松 Podocarpus forrestii |
德保苏铁 Cycas debaoensis | 德钦柏 Juniperus baimashanensis | 巧家五针松 Pinus squamata |
灰干苏铁 C. hongheensis | 万钧柏 J. chengii | 毛枝五针松 P. wangii |
优先保存 To be priorly collected and preserved | ||
中甸冷杉 Abies ferreana | 绿春苏铁 C. tangingii | 麦吊杉 Picea brachytyla |
怒江冷杉 A. nukiangensis | 河内苏铁 C. tonkinensis | 华山松 Pinus armandi |
云南穗花杉 Amentotaxus yunnanensis | 鸡毛松 Dacrycarpus imbricatus var. patulus | 黄山松 P. taiwanensis |
三尖杉 Cephalotaxus fortunei | 昆明柏 Juniperus gausenii | 乔松 P. wallichiana |
西双版纳粗榧 C. mannii | 银杏 Ginkgo biloba | 罗汉松 Podocarpus macrophyllus |
篦子三尖杉 C. oliveri | 闭苞买麻藤 Gnetum cleistostachyum | 白豆杉 Pseudotaxus chienii |
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata | 灌状买麻藤 G. gnemon | 圆柏 Sabina chinensis |
翠柏 Cupressus macrolepis | 细柄买麻藤 G. gracilipes | 红豆杉 Taxus chinensis |
叉叶苏铁 Cycas micholitzii | 水松 Glyptostrobus pensilis | 南方红豆杉 T. chinensis var. mairei |
多歧苏铁 C. multipinnata | 铁坚油杉 Keteleeria davidiana | 喜马拉雅红豆杉 T. wallichiana |
攀枝花苏铁 C. panzhihuaensis | 威信油杉 K. weixinensis | 云南红豆杉 T. yunnanensis |
元江苏铁 C. parvulus | 红杉 Larix potaninii | 云南榧树 Torreya fargesii var. yunnanensis |
篦齿苏铁 C. pectinata | 长叶竹柏 Nageia fleuryi | |
叉孢苏铁 C. segmentifida | 肉托竹柏 N. wallichiana |
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