Abstract: Most seeds of the wild peony were small as compared with cultivars of cultivated peony. The germinationof wild peony seeds must to have a long time, at least, of six months. The temperature range of 10~15℃was more suitable and 20℃ would be harmful to seed germination. Though the germination percentages of Paeonia szechuanica Fang of four localities were only slightly different (60~77%), there were great different in P. rockii T. Hong et. J. J. Li among the three different localities: the germination rate of seedsfrom Wenxan county , Gansu province was high to 76%, the others were only 12% and 4. 4% fromLueyang county, Shanxi province and Shennongjia county, Hubei Ptovince, respectively. It is suggestedthat the seed germination characters were one of the important factors which had caused the endangeredstatus of wild T. Hong et. J. J. Li.