Biodiv Sci ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5): 591-600. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015114
Special Issue: 中国自然观察专题
• Special Feature: China Nature Watch • Previous Articles Next Articles
Cheng Wen1,2,*(), Lei Gu1,2, Hao Wang1,2, Zhi Lü1,2, Ruocheng Hu1, Jia Zhong3
Received:
2015-05-06
Accepted:
2015-09-20
Online:
2015-09-20
Published:
2015-10-12
Contact:
Wen Cheng
Cheng Wen, Lei Gu, Hao Wang, Zhi Lü, Ruocheng Hu, Jia Zhong. GAP analysis on national nature reserves in China based on the distribution of endangered species[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2015, 23(5): 591-600.
Fig. 1 The hotspot for the most concerned endangered species in China and National Nature Reserves (NRs). The grayscale map illustrates the accumulation result of binary presence/absence map of the 46 MCES with sufficient information for distribution modelling. Hotspot concentrates in the mountainous area of central Sichuan, North China Plain (the lower basin of Yellow River, and the Bohai Region) and the lower Yangtze River Plain. There is scarcely any national NRs in the lower basin of Yellow River and the Bohai Region.
Fig. 2 The hotspot for the most concerned endangered species (mammal) in China and distribution of National nature reserves (NRs). The grayscale map illustrates the accumulation result of binary presence/absence map of the 16 mammals with sufficient information for distribution modelling. Hotspot concentrates in mountainous area of central Sichuan, forestry area of Southeast Tibet, and Northwest Yunnan. Higher coverage of national NRs on hotspot occur in Sichuan, while the coverage is considerably low in Northwest Yunnan and Southeast Tibet.
Fig. 3 The hotspot for the most concerned endangered species (bird) in China and distribution of National nature reserves (NRs). The grayscale map illustrates the accumulation result of binary presence/absence map of the 23 birds with sufficient information for distribution modelling. Hotspot concentrates in Bohai Region-North China Plain, Coastal region of Yellow Sea, and Lower Yangtze Region. There are several great national NRs in lower Yangtze region, where there is hardly any national NRs in other two region.
Fig. 4 The hotspot for the most concerned endangered species (plant) in China and distribution of National nature reserves (NRs). The grayscale map illustrates the accumulation result of binary presence/absence map of the 6 plants with sufficient information for distribution modelling. Hotspot concentrates in mountainous region of Central Sichuan, Dabashan-Wulingshan Mountains, West Guizhou-North Guangxi-Lingnan Mountain, South Zhejiang and Central Fujian (Wuyi Mountain), and Central Taiwan. Besides, there are scattered hotspot and numerous occurrence sites of MCES in Southeast Yunnan and Southwest Guangxi. The coverage of national NRs is considerably lower on hotspot in West Guizhou, North Fujian and West Chongqing.
热点地区 Hotspot | 涉及省份 Relevant province | 各省保护区面积 Area of NRs in each province (km2) | 各省热点地区面积 Area of hotspot in each province (km2) | 保护区内热点面积 Hotspot in NRs (km2) | 热点地区被保护区覆盖比例 NRs coverage of Hotspots (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
北方 North | 辽宁 Liaoning | 11,325.8 | 56,938.0 | 1,231.4 | 2.16 |
河北 Hebei | 7,555.5 | 76,693.0 | 701.0 | 0.91 | |
北京 Beijing | 1,868.9 | 11,719.9 | 279.5 | 2.38 | |
天津 Tianjin | 426.1 | 14,491.7 | 238.0 | 1.64 | |
山东 Shandong | 1,595.4 | 131,460.6 | 1,752.3 | 1.33 | |
河南 Henan | 6,426.7 | 22,279.3 | 322.8 | 1.45 | |
小计 Sub total | 29,198.4 | 313,582.5 | 4,525.1 | 1.44 | |
西部 West | 甘肃 Gansu | 307,312.3 | 6,319.0 | 3,190.7 | 50.5 |
四川 Sichuan | 244,152.3 | 118,175.2 | 22,957.8 | 19.4 | |
云南 Yunnan | 2,825.3 | 18,890.5 | 1,105.4 | 5.85 | |
西藏 Tibet | 42,426.1 | 25,047.7 | 7,048.6 | 28.1 | |
陕西 Shaanxi | 9,604.7 | 4,108.8 | 1,231.4 | 30.0 | |
小计 Sub total | 1,013,583.3 | 172,541.3 | 35,533.9 | 20.6 | |
长江下游 Lower Yangtze | 安徽 Anhui | 3,549.1 | 24,325.1 | 903.5 | 3.71 |
江西 Jiangxi | 3,291.3 | 6,087.1 | 255.3 | 4.18 | |
湖北 Hubei | 12,989.3 | 17,961.0 | 1,182.1 | 6.58 | |
湖南 Hunan | 2,331.8 | 16,584.2 | 3,210.6 | 19.4 | |
小计 Sub total | 36,882.1 | 64,957.5 | 5,551.4 | 8.54 | |
合计 Total | 1,064,943.2 | 551,081.3 | 45,610.4 | 8.27 |
Table 1 The coverage of the most concerned endangered species hotspots by national nature reserves (NRs) in each province
热点地区 Hotspot | 涉及省份 Relevant province | 各省保护区面积 Area of NRs in each province (km2) | 各省热点地区面积 Area of hotspot in each province (km2) | 保护区内热点面积 Hotspot in NRs (km2) | 热点地区被保护区覆盖比例 NRs coverage of Hotspots (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
北方 North | 辽宁 Liaoning | 11,325.8 | 56,938.0 | 1,231.4 | 2.16 |
河北 Hebei | 7,555.5 | 76,693.0 | 701.0 | 0.91 | |
北京 Beijing | 1,868.9 | 11,719.9 | 279.5 | 2.38 | |
天津 Tianjin | 426.1 | 14,491.7 | 238.0 | 1.64 | |
山东 Shandong | 1,595.4 | 131,460.6 | 1,752.3 | 1.33 | |
河南 Henan | 6,426.7 | 22,279.3 | 322.8 | 1.45 | |
小计 Sub total | 29,198.4 | 313,582.5 | 4,525.1 | 1.44 | |
西部 West | 甘肃 Gansu | 307,312.3 | 6,319.0 | 3,190.7 | 50.5 |
四川 Sichuan | 244,152.3 | 118,175.2 | 22,957.8 | 19.4 | |
云南 Yunnan | 2,825.3 | 18,890.5 | 1,105.4 | 5.85 | |
西藏 Tibet | 42,426.1 | 25,047.7 | 7,048.6 | 28.1 | |
陕西 Shaanxi | 9,604.7 | 4,108.8 | 1,231.4 | 30.0 | |
小计 Sub total | 1,013,583.3 | 172,541.3 | 35,533.9 | 20.6 | |
长江下游 Lower Yangtze | 安徽 Anhui | 3,549.1 | 24,325.1 | 903.5 | 3.71 |
江西 Jiangxi | 3,291.3 | 6,087.1 | 255.3 | 4.18 | |
湖北 Hubei | 12,989.3 | 17,961.0 | 1,182.1 | 6.58 | |
湖南 Hunan | 2,331.8 | 16,584.2 | 3,210.6 | 19.4 | |
小计 Sub total | 36,882.1 | 64,957.5 | 5,551.4 | 8.54 | |
合计 Total | 1,064,943.2 | 551,081.3 | 45,610.4 | 8.27 |
中文名 Chinese name | 学名 Scientific name | 分布像元数 Pixel of presence | 保护区覆盖像元数 Pixel of presence covered by NRs | 保护区覆盖比例 Coverage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
植物 Plant | ||||
珙桐 | Davidia involucrata | 900,145 | 72,375 | 8.0 |
滇桂石斛 | Dendrobium guangxiense | 129,457 | 19,078 | 14.7 |
斑叶杓兰 | Cypripedium margaritaceum | 738,426 | 52,221 | 7.1 |
秃杉 | Taiwania flousiana | 252,395 | 12,628 | 5.0 |
水杉 | Metasequoia glyptostroboides | 903,424 | 36,968 | 4.1 |
曲茎石斛 | Dendrobium flexicaule | 2,031,378 | 81,820 | 4.0 |
爬行类 Reptile | ||||
蟒蛇 | Python molurus | 931,442 | 45,969 | 4.9 |
鸟类 Bird | ||||
斑尾榛鸡 | Bonasa sewerzowi | 1,308,254 | 205,748 | 15.7 |
黑嘴松鸡 | Tetrao parvirostris | 356,911 | 23,709 | 6.6 |
灰孔雀雉 | Polyplectron bicalcaratum | 229,409 | 11,219 | 4.9 |
黑颈长尾雉 | Syrmaticus humiae | 388,053 | 15,998 | 4.1 |
白颈长尾雉 | Syrmaticus ellioti | 951,806 | 35,006 | 3.7 |
马鸡属一种 | Crossoptilon sp. | 2,219,104 | 79,119 | 3.6 |
角雉属(四种) | Tragopan sp.(4 species) | 1,021,783 | 34,782 | 3.4 |
中华秋沙鸭 | Mergus squamatus | 2,202,861 | 48,206 | 2.2 |
金雕 | Aquila chrysaetos | 6,242,370 | 498,702 | 8.0 |
白肩雕 | Aquila heliaca | 3,763,922 | 125,030 | 3.3 |
白尾海雕 | Haliaeetus albicilla | 2,489,869 | 124,138 | 5.0 |
胡兀鹫 | Gypaetus barbatus | 1,223,626 | 229,855 | 18.8 |
黑颈鹤 | Grus nigricollis | 1,689,988 | 331,725 | 19.6 |
丹顶鹤 | Grus japonensis | 1,264,040 | 44,296 | 3.5 |
白头鹤 | Grus monacha | 2,065,468 | 53,834 | 2.6 |
白鹤 | Grus leucogeranus | 1,796,487 | 42,007 | 2.3 |
大鸨 | Otis tarda | 1,012,271 | 42,332 | 4.2 |
东方白鹳 | Ciconia boyciana | 1,332,168 | 34,087 | 2.6 |
遗鸥 | Ichthyaetus relictus | 1,910,796 | 58,243 | 3.0 |
哺乳类 Mammal | ||||
白眉长臂猿 | Bunopithecus hoolock | 52,970 | 3,814 | 7.2 |
黑叶猴 | Trachypithecus francoisi | 616,223 | 24,052 | 3.9 |
熊猴 | Macaca assamensis | 238,013 | 34,819 | 14.6 |
滇金丝猴 | Rhinopithecus bieti | 221,115 | 25,383 | 11.5 |
川金丝猴 | Rhinopithecus roxellana | 148,262 | 32,008 | 21.6 |
黔金丝猴 | Rhinopithecus brelichi | 3,276 | 1,147 | 35.0 |
雪豹 | Panthera uncia | 1,505,218 | 379,635 | 25.2 |
云豹 | Neofelis nebulosa | 1,228,624 | 122,298 | 9.9 |
大熊猫 | Ailuropoda melanoleuca | 56,056 | 32,008 | 57.1 |
野牦牛 | Bos grunniens | 534,244 | 364,932 | 68.3 |
羚牛 | Budorcas taxicolor | 211,741 | 43,483 | 20.5 |
白唇鹿 | Cervus albirostris | 454,198 | 91,765 | 20.2 |
马麝 | Moschus chrysogaster | 675,516 | 121,811 | 18.0 |
藏羚 | Pantholops hodgsonii | 569,159 | 412,792 | 72.5 |
藏野驴 | Equus kiang | 1,136,538 | 492,290 | 43.1 |
亚洲象 | Elephas maximus | 68,053 | 6,279 | 9.2 |
Table 2 The coverage of national nature reserves (NRs) on the distribution by Maxent of most concerned endangered species
中文名 Chinese name | 学名 Scientific name | 分布像元数 Pixel of presence | 保护区覆盖像元数 Pixel of presence covered by NRs | 保护区覆盖比例 Coverage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
植物 Plant | ||||
珙桐 | Davidia involucrata | 900,145 | 72,375 | 8.0 |
滇桂石斛 | Dendrobium guangxiense | 129,457 | 19,078 | 14.7 |
斑叶杓兰 | Cypripedium margaritaceum | 738,426 | 52,221 | 7.1 |
秃杉 | Taiwania flousiana | 252,395 | 12,628 | 5.0 |
水杉 | Metasequoia glyptostroboides | 903,424 | 36,968 | 4.1 |
曲茎石斛 | Dendrobium flexicaule | 2,031,378 | 81,820 | 4.0 |
爬行类 Reptile | ||||
蟒蛇 | Python molurus | 931,442 | 45,969 | 4.9 |
鸟类 Bird | ||||
斑尾榛鸡 | Bonasa sewerzowi | 1,308,254 | 205,748 | 15.7 |
黑嘴松鸡 | Tetrao parvirostris | 356,911 | 23,709 | 6.6 |
灰孔雀雉 | Polyplectron bicalcaratum | 229,409 | 11,219 | 4.9 |
黑颈长尾雉 | Syrmaticus humiae | 388,053 | 15,998 | 4.1 |
白颈长尾雉 | Syrmaticus ellioti | 951,806 | 35,006 | 3.7 |
马鸡属一种 | Crossoptilon sp. | 2,219,104 | 79,119 | 3.6 |
角雉属(四种) | Tragopan sp.(4 species) | 1,021,783 | 34,782 | 3.4 |
中华秋沙鸭 | Mergus squamatus | 2,202,861 | 48,206 | 2.2 |
金雕 | Aquila chrysaetos | 6,242,370 | 498,702 | 8.0 |
白肩雕 | Aquila heliaca | 3,763,922 | 125,030 | 3.3 |
白尾海雕 | Haliaeetus albicilla | 2,489,869 | 124,138 | 5.0 |
胡兀鹫 | Gypaetus barbatus | 1,223,626 | 229,855 | 18.8 |
黑颈鹤 | Grus nigricollis | 1,689,988 | 331,725 | 19.6 |
丹顶鹤 | Grus japonensis | 1,264,040 | 44,296 | 3.5 |
白头鹤 | Grus monacha | 2,065,468 | 53,834 | 2.6 |
白鹤 | Grus leucogeranus | 1,796,487 | 42,007 | 2.3 |
大鸨 | Otis tarda | 1,012,271 | 42,332 | 4.2 |
东方白鹳 | Ciconia boyciana | 1,332,168 | 34,087 | 2.6 |
遗鸥 | Ichthyaetus relictus | 1,910,796 | 58,243 | 3.0 |
哺乳类 Mammal | ||||
白眉长臂猿 | Bunopithecus hoolock | 52,970 | 3,814 | 7.2 |
黑叶猴 | Trachypithecus francoisi | 616,223 | 24,052 | 3.9 |
熊猴 | Macaca assamensis | 238,013 | 34,819 | 14.6 |
滇金丝猴 | Rhinopithecus bieti | 221,115 | 25,383 | 11.5 |
川金丝猴 | Rhinopithecus roxellana | 148,262 | 32,008 | 21.6 |
黔金丝猴 | Rhinopithecus brelichi | 3,276 | 1,147 | 35.0 |
雪豹 | Panthera uncia | 1,505,218 | 379,635 | 25.2 |
云豹 | Neofelis nebulosa | 1,228,624 | 122,298 | 9.9 |
大熊猫 | Ailuropoda melanoleuca | 56,056 | 32,008 | 57.1 |
野牦牛 | Bos grunniens | 534,244 | 364,932 | 68.3 |
羚牛 | Budorcas taxicolor | 211,741 | 43,483 | 20.5 |
白唇鹿 | Cervus albirostris | 454,198 | 91,765 | 20.2 |
马麝 | Moschus chrysogaster | 675,516 | 121,811 | 18.0 |
藏羚 | Pantholops hodgsonii | 569,159 | 412,792 | 72.5 |
藏野驴 | Equus kiang | 1,136,538 | 492,290 | 43.1 |
亚洲象 | Elephas maximus | 68,053 | 6,279 | 9.2 |
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