Abstract: Over-hunting and over-trade in wildlife and its products are big challenges to biodiversity conservation throughout the world. Globally , the trade in tiger bone and rhinoceros horn , illegalt rade in live wildlife in Southeast Asia , trade in wildlife products in Russian Far East and across Sino-Russia border , tropical bush meat hunting and trade , and illegal trade in wildlife products in Himalayan region , are increasingly threatening wildlife resources in the world. Advocating hunting sustainability is one of the approaches to resolving the problems of over-hunting and over-trade. In models for hunting sustainability ,“the model of game refugia”and“the spatial cont rol approach”which suggest to set aside reserves in hunted areas , will have good prospects in conservation practice. The future directions in conservation related to game hunting and wildlife t rade include : to understand poaching dynamics and characteristic and its effects on populations of endangered animals , to harmonize relationship between t raditional medicine and wildlife conservation , to cont rol illegal hunting and illegal trade in wildlife and its products across border between countries and to apply hunting sustainability models in conservation practice. The over-hunting and over-trade in wildlife and its products have seriously threatened China′s biodiversity and its sustainable use , but little information related is available. It is needed for establishing the working agency for monitoring wildlife hunting and wildlife t rade , and improving legislation and it s enforcement for conservation related and management of nature reserves , and st rengthening research on wildlife hunting and wildlife trade in China.

Key words: nature reserve, community co-management