生物多样性 ›› 2001, Vol. 09 ›› Issue (2): 102-108.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2001016

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

野生扬子鳄种群及栖息地现状研究

丁由中,王小明,何利军,邵民,谢万树,Thorbjarnarson BJohn,McMurry TScott   

  1. 1 (华东师范大学生物学系,  上海 200062)
    2 (安徽扬子鳄繁殖研究中心,  宣州 242000)
    3 ( The Wildlife Conservation Society , New York , USA , 10460)
    4 ( Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Texas , USA , 79416)
  • 收稿日期:2001-01-08 修回日期:2001-03-26 出版日期:2001-05-20 发布日期:2001-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 王小明

Study on the current population and habitat of the wild Chinese alligator ( Al ligator sinensis )

DING You-Zhong,WANG Xiao-Ming,HE Li-Jun,SHAO Min,XIE Wan-Shu,Thorbjarnarson BJohn,McMurry TScott   

  1. 1 The Department of Biology , East China Normal University , Shanghai  200062
    2 Anhui Research Center for Chinese Alligator Reproduction , Xuanzhou  242000
    3 The Wildlife Conservation Society , New York , USA , 10460
    4 Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Texas , USA , 79416
  • Received:2001-01-08 Revised:2001-03-26 Online:2001-05-20 Published:2001-05-20
  • Contact: WANG XiaoMing

摘要: 1999年7~8月及2000年8~9月,利用GPS、激光测距仪等,采用夜间灯光照射计数方法,对 有野生扬子鳄(Alligator sinensis)存在的安徽省宣州、泾县、广德、郎溪、南陵等5 县市的26个地点进行了调查,包括扬子鳄国家级自然保护区的13个指定保护点。结果发现: 目前野生扬子鳄主要生存在第一类栖息地(1999年50.7%、2000年40.0%),面积为17.38 hm2;其他两类栖息地的野生扬子鳄分布比率较小(各为1999年24.0%、2000年30.9%、1999 年25.3% 、2000年29.1%),面积分别为22.04hm2、19.03hm2。两年的平均生态密度分别为1.28条/hm2和1.79条/hm2,野生扬子鳄种群数量为145条。其种群已明显分为至少18个数 量不等且相互隔离的地方种群。建议恢复足够大的栖息地,并放饲养鳄于其中以重新 建立有效野生种群。

关键词: 分解, 中小型土壤节肢动物群落, 相对密度,

AbstractA survey of wild Chinese Alligator was conducted from July to August 1999 and from August to September 2000 by direct counting after dark (20 z00pm) using headlamps or a 12v portable spotlight. At each site visited , the authors mapped the ponds using laser rangefinder and compass , characterized the physical nature of the ponds and vegetation , and conducted interviews with local residents. The location of all sites was recorded using a hand2held GPS. There are 26 sites in 5 counties that were surveyed where wild Chinese Alligators still exist in Anhui province , including 13 designated conservation sites of the National Chinese Alligator Reserve. The current wild alligator populations mainly exist in the best type of habitat , which totals 17.4 ha with estimated populations of 50.7 % in 1999 and 40.0 % in 2000. This can be compared with the other two types of habitat , which total 22. 0 ha and 19. 0 ha , with their estimated population numbers of 24.0 % in 1999 and 30.9 % in 2000 , and 25.3 % in 1999 and 29.1 % in 2000 respectively. The average ecological densities of the alligators in the two years were 1.3 ind. / ha and 1.8 ind. / ha , with an estimated population of 145 individuals. However , the population has been evidently divided into 18 isolated small local populations with different numbers of individuals. We suggest that habitat should be restored and captive-reared alligators should be reint roduced into the area to rebuild a viable population.

Key words: decomposition, soil meso-microarthropod community, relative density, diversity, Xishuangbanna, Chin