生物多样性 ›› 2010, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (2): 188-197. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.201
尧婷婷1,2, 孟婷婷1, 倪健1, 阎顺3, 冯晓华3, 王国宏1,*()
收稿日期:
2009-11-30
接受日期:
2010-03-28
出版日期:
2010-03-20
发布日期:
2010-03-20
通讯作者:
王国宏
作者简介:
*E-mail: ghwangaq@ibcas.ac.cn 基金资助:
Yao Tingting1,2, Meng Tingting1, Ni Jian1, Yan Shun3, Feng Xiaohua3, Wang Guohong1,*()
Received:
2009-11-30
Accepted:
2010-03-28
Online:
2010-03-20
Published:
2010-03-20
Contact:
Wang Guohong
摘要:
植物功能性状是由遗传因素和环境条件共同决定的。剖析各因素对植物性状变异的相对影响, 对揭示植物对环境变化的响应和适应规律至关重要。作者以干旱区植物为研究对象, 定量化分析了植物叶片功能性状变异及其与环境梯度的关系。研究区域位于中国新疆准噶尔盆地及其周边区域。在30个样地中, 观测了110种植物的叶比重、叶片单位质量氮含量和单位面积氮含量以及叶片干物质含量,通过插值法获得每个样地的生物气候数据。结果表明: 物种水平上叶片性状(性状值为每个物种的实际观测值)的变异在很大程度上由植物进化背景所决定, 气候因子和功能群的作用次之; 在群落尺度上(性状值为每个样地的权重和), 叶比重与气候干旱程度呈正相关, 单位质量氮含量在水热组合最优的区域出现最大值, 而叶片干物质含量和单位面积氮含量与气候因子的相关性较小。叶比重是群落尺度上探讨叶片功能性状与环境梯度关系的一个合适的指标。此外, 在研究植物性状-环境关系过程中, 尽可能观测多个植物功能性状是必要的。但是, 只有排除植物系统背景的影响, 关于植物性状-环境关系的研究结论才可能接近真实情况。将来应该加强同一种内不同种群间的叶片性状的采样和分析工作。
尧婷婷, 孟婷婷, 倪健, 阎顺, 冯晓华, 王国宏 (2010) 新疆准噶尔荒漠植物叶片功能性状的进化和环境驱动机制初探. 生物多样性, 18, 188-197. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.201.
Yao Tingting, Meng Tingting, Ni Jian, Yan Shun, Feng Xiaohua, Wang Guohong (2010) Leaf functional trait variation and its relationship with plant phylogenic background and the climate in Xinjiang Junggar Basin, NW China. Biodiversity Science, 18, 188-197. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.201.
样地 Sites | 经纬度 Latitude, Longitude | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 植被类型 Vegetation | 年均温度MAT (oC) | 年均降水MAP (mm) | 水分可利 用性指数 α | 最热月温度 MTWA (oC) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X01 | 45°09.39′N, | 84°44.66′E | 277 | 盐爪爪荒漠 Kalidium foliatum desert | 9.3 | 140.1 | 0.181 | 27.87 |
X02 | 46°23.77′N, | 85°56.70′E | 701 | 合头草荒漠 Sympegma regelii desert | 5.9 | 190.6 | 0.252 | 21.63 |
X03 | 47°02.35′N, | 87°05.61′E | 620 | 短叶假木贼荒漠 Anabasis brevifolia desert | 5.4 | 197.5 | 0.248 | 21.3 |
X04 | 47°49.85′N, | 86°51.00′E | 499 | 灌木亚菊荒漠 Ajania fruticulosadesert | 5.4 | 205.0 | 0.221 | 21.96 |
X05 | 47°56.38′N, | 86°50.06′E | 481 | 红果沙拐枣荒漠 Calligonum rubicundum desert | 5.5 | 205.6 | 0.228 | 21.88 |
X06 | 48°09.99′N, | 87°04.83′E | 779 | 寸草苔草地 Carex duriuscula grassland | 3.4 | 235.5 | 0.333 | 17.6 |
X07 | 48°11.45′N, | 87°01.24′E | 1,199 | 欧亚绣线菊灌丛 Spiraea media shrubland | 1.2 | 262.9 | 0.347 | 17.33 |
X08 | 48°19.95′N, | 87°07.43′E | 1,599 | 寸草苔草地 Carex duriusculagrassland | -0.9 | 290.4 | 0.415 | 12.28 |
X09 | 47°43.14′N, | 87°01.03′E | 498 | 白刺荒漠 Nitraria tangutorumdesert | 5.6 | 198.1 | 0.209 | 22.19 |
X10 | 47°44.44′N, | 87°32.51′E | 521 | 无叶假木贼荒漠 Anabasis aphylladesert | 5.4 | 200.5 | 0.191 | 22.74 |
X11 | 47°09.33′N, | 88°42.14′E | 750 | 木地肤荒漠 Kochia prostratadesert | 4.7 | 200.1 | 0.236 | 22.41 |
X12 | 46°18.23′N, | 89°32.93′E | 885 | 驼绒藜荒漠 Ceratoides latens Desert | 5.0 | 180.3 | 0.264 | 21.64 |
X13 | 45°21.57′N, | 89°24.21′E | 1,068 | 盐爪爪荒漠 Kalidium foliatum desert | 5.2 | 167.5 | 0.316 | 21.06 |
X14 | 44°07.43′N, | 89°48.37′E | 513 | 红砂荒漠 Reaumuria soongarica desert | 9.3 | 101.3 | 0.213 | 23.85 |
X15 | 44°04.65′N, | 87°47.62′E | 583 | 红砂荒漠 Reaumuria soongarica desert | 9.0 | 116.1 | 0.242 | 25.59 |
X16 | 44°04.01′N, | 88°04.65′E | 852 | 小叶锦鸡儿荒漠 Caragana microphylla desert | 7.6 | 130.0 | 0.312 | 22.77 |
X17 | 43°59.69′N, | 88°03.85′E | 1,088 | 寸草苔草地 Carex duriuscula grassland | 7.0 | 133.7 | 0.306 | 22.61 |
X18 | 43°55.57′N, | 88°06.75′E | 1,423 | 小檗灌丛 Berberis amurensis shrubland | 5.3 | 153.9 | 0.343 | 21.58 |
X19 | 42°50.21′N, | 89°26.14′E | -88 | 骆驼刺荒漠 Alhagi sparsifolia desert | 14.1 | 23.5 | 0.020 | 32.58 |
X20 | 42°43.52′N, | 89°26.32′E | -136 | 黑果枸杞荒漠 Lycium ruthenicum desert | 14.4 | 18.7 | 0.017 | 33.06 |
X21 | 42°41.26′N, | 89°25.38′E | -146 | 盐穗木荒漠 Halostachys belangeriana desert | 14.5 | 17.5 | 0.014 | 33.51 |
X22 | 42°22.10′N, | 88°33.94′E | 1,721 | 木霸王荒漠 Zygophyllum xanthoxylondesert | 5.4 | 137.1 | 0.229 | 21.46 |
X23 | 42°13.07′N, | 87°45.51′E | 1,445 | 合头草荒漠 Sympegma regelii desert | 6.9 | 122.0 | 0.216 | 20.71 |
X24 | 41°48.40′N, | 86°14.92′E | 1,444 | 合头草荒漠 Sympegma regelii desert | 7.6 | 112.4 | 0.143 | 22.29 |
X25 | 40°30.78′N, | 84°18.99′E | 931 | 刚毛柽柳荒漠 Tamarix hispidadesert | 11.5 | 60.0 | 0.053 | 26.91 |
X26 | 40°49.62′N, | 84°17.40′E | 921 | 刚毛柽柳荒漠 Tamarix hispidadesert | 11.3 | 65.0 | 0.058 | 27.2 |
X27 | 41°29.04′N, | 84°12.61′E | 928 | 刚毛柽柳荒漠 Tamarix hispidadesert | 10.4 | 85.5 | 0.089 | 26.18 |
X28 | 41°29.96′N, | 84°30.33′E | 919 | 刚毛柽柳荒漠 Tamarix hispidadesert | 10.4 | 84.2 | 0.093 | 25.86 |
X29 | 41°39.35′N, | 84°53.34′E | 902 | 红砂荒漠 Reaumuria soongarica desert | 10.4 | 84.3 | 0.096 | 25.73 |
X30 | 42°14.84′N, | 88°13.95′E | 966 | 红砂荒漠 Reaumuria soongarica desert | 9.2 | 88.0 | 0.085 | 25.81 |
表1 新疆准噶尔盆地及周边荒漠区所布设样地的地理位置、植被类型及主要气候因子
Table 1 Geographical locations, vegetation types, mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), plant water availability (α), temperature of the warmest month (MTWA) of the study sites in Junggar Basin, Xinjiang
样地 Sites | 经纬度 Latitude, Longitude | 海拔 Elevation (m) | 植被类型 Vegetation | 年均温度MAT (oC) | 年均降水MAP (mm) | 水分可利 用性指数 α | 最热月温度 MTWA (oC) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X01 | 45°09.39′N, | 84°44.66′E | 277 | 盐爪爪荒漠 Kalidium foliatum desert | 9.3 | 140.1 | 0.181 | 27.87 |
X02 | 46°23.77′N, | 85°56.70′E | 701 | 合头草荒漠 Sympegma regelii desert | 5.9 | 190.6 | 0.252 | 21.63 |
X03 | 47°02.35′N, | 87°05.61′E | 620 | 短叶假木贼荒漠 Anabasis brevifolia desert | 5.4 | 197.5 | 0.248 | 21.3 |
X04 | 47°49.85′N, | 86°51.00′E | 499 | 灌木亚菊荒漠 Ajania fruticulosadesert | 5.4 | 205.0 | 0.221 | 21.96 |
X05 | 47°56.38′N, | 86°50.06′E | 481 | 红果沙拐枣荒漠 Calligonum rubicundum desert | 5.5 | 205.6 | 0.228 | 21.88 |
X06 | 48°09.99′N, | 87°04.83′E | 779 | 寸草苔草地 Carex duriuscula grassland | 3.4 | 235.5 | 0.333 | 17.6 |
X07 | 48°11.45′N, | 87°01.24′E | 1,199 | 欧亚绣线菊灌丛 Spiraea media shrubland | 1.2 | 262.9 | 0.347 | 17.33 |
X08 | 48°19.95′N, | 87°07.43′E | 1,599 | 寸草苔草地 Carex duriusculagrassland | -0.9 | 290.4 | 0.415 | 12.28 |
X09 | 47°43.14′N, | 87°01.03′E | 498 | 白刺荒漠 Nitraria tangutorumdesert | 5.6 | 198.1 | 0.209 | 22.19 |
X10 | 47°44.44′N, | 87°32.51′E | 521 | 无叶假木贼荒漠 Anabasis aphylladesert | 5.4 | 200.5 | 0.191 | 22.74 |
X11 | 47°09.33′N, | 88°42.14′E | 750 | 木地肤荒漠 Kochia prostratadesert | 4.7 | 200.1 | 0.236 | 22.41 |
X12 | 46°18.23′N, | 89°32.93′E | 885 | 驼绒藜荒漠 Ceratoides latens Desert | 5.0 | 180.3 | 0.264 | 21.64 |
X13 | 45°21.57′N, | 89°24.21′E | 1,068 | 盐爪爪荒漠 Kalidium foliatum desert | 5.2 | 167.5 | 0.316 | 21.06 |
X14 | 44°07.43′N, | 89°48.37′E | 513 | 红砂荒漠 Reaumuria soongarica desert | 9.3 | 101.3 | 0.213 | 23.85 |
X15 | 44°04.65′N, | 87°47.62′E | 583 | 红砂荒漠 Reaumuria soongarica desert | 9.0 | 116.1 | 0.242 | 25.59 |
X16 | 44°04.01′N, | 88°04.65′E | 852 | 小叶锦鸡儿荒漠 Caragana microphylla desert | 7.6 | 130.0 | 0.312 | 22.77 |
X17 | 43°59.69′N, | 88°03.85′E | 1,088 | 寸草苔草地 Carex duriuscula grassland | 7.0 | 133.7 | 0.306 | 22.61 |
X18 | 43°55.57′N, | 88°06.75′E | 1,423 | 小檗灌丛 Berberis amurensis shrubland | 5.3 | 153.9 | 0.343 | 21.58 |
X19 | 42°50.21′N, | 89°26.14′E | -88 | 骆驼刺荒漠 Alhagi sparsifolia desert | 14.1 | 23.5 | 0.020 | 32.58 |
X20 | 42°43.52′N, | 89°26.32′E | -136 | 黑果枸杞荒漠 Lycium ruthenicum desert | 14.4 | 18.7 | 0.017 | 33.06 |
X21 | 42°41.26′N, | 89°25.38′E | -146 | 盐穗木荒漠 Halostachys belangeriana desert | 14.5 | 17.5 | 0.014 | 33.51 |
X22 | 42°22.10′N, | 88°33.94′E | 1,721 | 木霸王荒漠 Zygophyllum xanthoxylondesert | 5.4 | 137.1 | 0.229 | 21.46 |
X23 | 42°13.07′N, | 87°45.51′E | 1,445 | 合头草荒漠 Sympegma regelii desert | 6.9 | 122.0 | 0.216 | 20.71 |
X24 | 41°48.40′N, | 86°14.92′E | 1,444 | 合头草荒漠 Sympegma regelii desert | 7.6 | 112.4 | 0.143 | 22.29 |
X25 | 40°30.78′N, | 84°18.99′E | 931 | 刚毛柽柳荒漠 Tamarix hispidadesert | 11.5 | 60.0 | 0.053 | 26.91 |
X26 | 40°49.62′N, | 84°17.40′E | 921 | 刚毛柽柳荒漠 Tamarix hispidadesert | 11.3 | 65.0 | 0.058 | 27.2 |
X27 | 41°29.04′N, | 84°12.61′E | 928 | 刚毛柽柳荒漠 Tamarix hispidadesert | 10.4 | 85.5 | 0.089 | 26.18 |
X28 | 41°29.96′N, | 84°30.33′E | 919 | 刚毛柽柳荒漠 Tamarix hispidadesert | 10.4 | 84.2 | 0.093 | 25.86 |
X29 | 41°39.35′N, | 84°53.34′E | 902 | 红砂荒漠 Reaumuria soongarica desert | 10.4 | 84.3 | 0.096 | 25.73 |
X30 | 42°14.84′N, | 88°13.95′E | 966 | 红砂荒漠 Reaumuria soongarica desert | 9.2 | 88.0 | 0.085 | 25.81 |
图1 研究区域各样地气候因子(植物水分可利用性: α指数, 最热月平均温度: MTWA)的频数分布及相关关系
Fig. 1 Frequence distribution of plant water availability (α) and mean temperature of the warmest month (MTWA) of the sites in Xinjiang Junngar Basin, northwestern China
变异来源 Source | 叶干物质含量 LDMC | 叶比重 LMA | 叶质量氮 Nmass | 叶面积氮 Narea | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
df | F | ss% | F | ss% | F | ss% | F | ss% | |
MTWA | 2 | 1.82 | 1.3 | 1.46 | 0.9 | 2.26 | 2.1 | 4.05 | 2.3* |
α | 2 | 0.48 | 0.3 | 33.08 | 20.8*** | 6.75 | 6.3** | 14.83 | 8.4*** |
FG | 2 | 10.48 | 7.5*** | 23.06 | 14.5*** | 2.21 | 2.1 | 21.64 | 12.2*** |
Family | 27 | 4.78 | 46.5*** | 2.16 | 18.4** | 1.63 | 20.4* | 3.69 | 28.2*** |
MTWA×α | 3 | 0.04 | 0.0 | 1.80 | 1.7 | 3.21 | 4.5* | 2.11 | 1.8 |
MTWA×FG | 4 | 0.12 | 0.2 | 0.19 | 0.2 | 0.64 | 1.2 | 0.10 | 0.1 |
MTWA×Family | 18 | 0.59 | 3.8 | 1.00 | 5.7 | 1.30 | 10.9 | 1.87 | 9.5* |
α×FG | 4 | 0.16 | 0.2 | 1.39 | 1.7 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 1.82 | 2.1 |
α×Family | 10 | 0.85 | 3.1 | 0.80 | 2.5 | 0.96 | 4.4 | 1.63 | 4.6 |
FG×Family | 4 | 0.40 | 0.6 | 1.31 | 1.7 | 0.51 | 0.9 | 2.00 | 2.3 |
Total | 178 | 54 | 53.7 | 31.2 | 60.6 |
表2 植物分类单元科(Family)、植物功能群(FG)和生物气候因子(最热月温度MTWA; 植物水分可利用性指数α)对物种水平上植物功能性状变异的解释
Table 2 Summary of GLM detecting the main effects of plant family, functional group:FG) and bioclimatic factors (mean temperature in the warmest month: MTWA and water availability: α) as well as their interactions on leaf traits
变异来源 Source | 叶干物质含量 LDMC | 叶比重 LMA | 叶质量氮 Nmass | 叶面积氮 Narea | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
df | F | ss% | F | ss% | F | ss% | F | ss% | |
MTWA | 2 | 1.82 | 1.3 | 1.46 | 0.9 | 2.26 | 2.1 | 4.05 | 2.3* |
α | 2 | 0.48 | 0.3 | 33.08 | 20.8*** | 6.75 | 6.3** | 14.83 | 8.4*** |
FG | 2 | 10.48 | 7.5*** | 23.06 | 14.5*** | 2.21 | 2.1 | 21.64 | 12.2*** |
Family | 27 | 4.78 | 46.5*** | 2.16 | 18.4** | 1.63 | 20.4* | 3.69 | 28.2*** |
MTWA×α | 3 | 0.04 | 0.0 | 1.80 | 1.7 | 3.21 | 4.5* | 2.11 | 1.8 |
MTWA×FG | 4 | 0.12 | 0.2 | 0.19 | 0.2 | 0.64 | 1.2 | 0.10 | 0.1 |
MTWA×Family | 18 | 0.59 | 3.8 | 1.00 | 5.7 | 1.30 | 10.9 | 1.87 | 9.5* |
α×FG | 4 | 0.16 | 0.2 | 1.39 | 1.7 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 1.82 | 2.1 |
α×Family | 10 | 0.85 | 3.1 | 0.80 | 2.5 | 0.96 | 4.4 | 1.63 | 4.6 |
FG×Family | 4 | 0.40 | 0.6 | 1.31 | 1.7 | 0.51 | 0.9 | 2.00 | 2.3 |
Total | 178 | 54 | 53.7 | 31.2 | 60.6 |
图2 物种水平上叶片功能性状(LDMC, LMA, Nmass和Narea)在灌木、非禾草草本和禾草之间的比较 (均值+标准差)。标准差上端标注不同的字母代表显著性差异(P<0.05)。
Fig. 2 Species-level variation in LDMC, LMA, Nmass and Narea among shrubs, forbs and grasses (Mean+Standard Deviation). Bars marked with different letters means that the difference is significant at P<0.05.
图3 冗余分析(RDA)揭示物种水平上植物功能性状(LDMC, LMA, Nmass and Narea)与生物气候因子间的关系
Fig. 3 A biplot for redundancy analysis showing the relationships between leaf traits (LDMC, LMA, Nmass and Narea) and climatic factors (MTWA and plant water availability: α) as well as leaf trait variation within a single site. Sites were used as dummy variables to interpret trait variations.
图4 群落及功能群水平上叶片功能性状(LDMC, LMA, Nmass和Narea)与气候因子间的关系
Fig. 4 Variations in LDMC, LMA, Nmass and Narea at the community level (across functional groups: FGs) and in shrubs, forbs and grasses in the climatic space defined by the mean temperature in the warmest month (MTWA) and plant water availability (α).
附录I 物种水平叶片性状(叶比重LMA,叶片干物质含量LDMC, 单位质量叶氮含量Nmass ,单位面积叶氮含量Narea )与植物分类科关系的主成分分析
Appendix I Relationship between leaf traits and plant family shown by principal component analysis
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