长白山阔叶红松林乔木树种幼苗组成及其年际动态

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09102

生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (4): 385-396. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09102

所属专题：保护生物学: 现状和挑战

长白山阔叶红松林乔木树种幼苗组成及其年际动态

张健¹^,², 李步杭¹^,², 白雪娇¹^,², 原作强¹^,², 王绪高¹, 叶吉¹, 郝占庆¹^,^*()

1 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016
2 中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2009-04-17 接受日期:2009-06-24 出版日期:2009-07-20 发布日期:2009-07-20
通讯作者: 郝占庆
作者简介:*E-mail: hzq@iae.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(30870400);国家自然科学基金(30700093);国家科技支撑计划(2008BAC39B02)

Composition and interannual dynamics of tree seedlings in broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) mixed forest in Changbai Mountain

Jian Zhang¹^,², Buhang Li¹^,², Xuejiao Bai¹^,², Zuoqiang Yuan¹^,², Xugao Wang¹, Ji Ye¹, Zhanqing Hao¹^,^*()

1 Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016
2 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2009-04-17 Accepted:2009-06-24 Online:2009-07-20 Published:2009-07-20
Contact: Zhanqing Hao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林乔木树种幼苗的组成及其年际动态, 以长白山阔叶红松林25 ha动态监测样地为平台, 在样地内150个种子收集器周围设置了600个5 m×5 m幼苗样方。基于2006-2008年连续3年的幼苗样方调查数据, 对乔木幼苗的树种组成、数量组成、空间分布特征、年际动态、新增和死亡幼苗组成等进行了分析。结果表明: (1)从树种组成来看, 该群落乔木树种的幼苗组成种类较为丰富, 共记录到21个树种, 这些树种也是样地内胸径1 cm以上乔木树种的主要组成成分。树种组成在年际间变化不大, 但各样方间表现出极大的空间变异。(2)从数量组成来看, 共记录到11,959株乔木幼苗, 以水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)和紫椴(Tilia amurensis)幼苗数最多, 占总幼苗数的72.75%; 水曲柳、紫椴和红松的幼苗数量在年际间有明显波动, 其他树种年际间波动较小。(3)从新增和死亡幼苗的数量与组成来看, 共记录到15个乔木树种的新增幼苗, 其中紫椴、水曲柳、色木槭(Acer mono)、红松等10个树种在每次调查中都有新苗记录, 新苗数量在年际间随物种和样方位置表现出明显差异。(4)对各树种的幼苗、种子和大树的组成和空间分布的比较发现, 各树种的幼苗、种子和大树之间的数量组成和比例差异较大, 其中紫椴、水曲柳、色木槭和假色槭(A. pseudo-sieboldianum)的幼苗、种子在整个样地内都有分布, 春榆(Ulmus japonica)和怀槐(Maackia amurensis)幼苗的空间分布与种子和大树不一致, 糠椴(T. mandshurica)和山丁子(Malus baccata)等的幼苗、种子和大树的个体数相对都较少, 且它们的分布是一致的。

关键词: 幼苗组成, 森林更新, 空间分布, 阔叶红松林, 长白山

Abstract

To explore the composition and interannual dynamics of tree seedlings in a broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest, 600 25 m² (5 m×5 m) seedling quadrats were set up in a 25-ha plot of the forest in Changbai Mountain. All seedlings in these quadrats were tagged, measured and identified to species. Based on three seedling censuses between 2006 and 2008, we analyzed species composition, spatial distribution, and interannual dynamics of tree seedlings. A total of 21 tree species were recorded in these quadrats, which was consistent with the composition of trees with ≥1 cm diameter at breast height. There was no significant interannual difference on species composition, but great variations among different seedling subplots. There were 11,959 tree seedlings recorded in three censuses, of which Fraxinus mandshurica and Tilia amurensis comprised of 72.75%. The seedling numbers of F. mandshurica, T. amurensis, and Pinus koraiensis varied greatly among three censuses, while the numbers of other species varied little. Recruit seedlings of 15 species were recorded in three censuses, of which 10 species (T. amurensis, F. mandshurica, P. koraiensis and so on) were found every year. The numbers of recruit seedlings showed great interannual variations among different species and quadrats. Compared spatial distribution of tree seedlings with their seeds and large trees, we found that there were significant differences on individual numbers among different species. For T. amurensis, F. mandshurica, Acer mono, and A. pseudo-sieboldianum, their seeds and seedlings could be found in the entire 25-ha plot. For Ulmus japonica and Maackia amurensis, the distributions of their seedlings were inconsistent with their seeds and large trees. For T. mandshuricaand Malus baccata, with fewer seeds, seedlings, and large trees, the distributions of seedlings were consistent with these of their seeds and large trees.

Key words: species composition, forest regeneration, spatial distribution, broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest, Changbai Mountain

张健, 李步杭, 白雪娇, 原作强, 王绪高, 叶吉, 郝占庆 (2009) 长白山阔叶红松林乔木树种幼苗组成及其年际动态. 生物多样性, 17, 385-396. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09102.

Jian Zhang, Buhang Li, Xuejiao Bai, Zuoqiang Yuan, Xugao Wang, Ji Ye, Zhanqing Hao (2009) Composition and interannual dynamics of tree seedlings in broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) mixed forest in Changbai Mountain. Biodiversity Science, 17, 385-396. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09102.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09102

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2009/V17/I4/385

图/表 7

参考文献 31

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物种名 Species	科 Family	幼苗个体数 No. of seedlings in 600 quadrats				出现的样方数 No. of quadrats presented
物种名 Species	科 Family	2006-2008	2006	2007	2008	2006-2008	2006	2007	2008
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica	木犀科 Oleaceae	4,442	1,434	1,854	3,040	470	344	402	342
紫椴 Tilia amurensis	椴树科 Tiliaceae	4,258	614*	3,931	420	481	203*	469	112
色木槭 Acer mono	槭树科 Aceraceae	1,443	1,266	1,323	1,070	394	357	375	336
红松 Pinus koraiensis	松科 Pinaceae	641	283	521	42	218	100	189	20
假色槭 Acer pseudo-sieboldianum	槭树科 Aceraceae	466	334	390	314	200	154	178	145
春榆 Ulmus japonica	榆科 Ulmaceae	149	132	134	97	98	87	91	70
怀槐 Maackia amurensis	豆科 Leguminosae	118	98	105	69	77	66	71	50
青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum	槭树科 Aceraceae	107	86	92	86	61	48	53	51
山丁子 Malus baccata	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	88	86	81	65	60	58	57	50
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	壳斗科 Fagaceae	70	61	62	30	53	46	48	24
稠李 Prunus padus	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	49	49	45	38	19	19	18	17
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica	椴树科 Tiliaceae	31	31	26	20	6	6	6	6
裂叶榆 Ulmus laciniata	榆科 Ulmaceae	27	23	26	22	21	18	21	17
白牛槭 Acer mandshuricum	槭树科 Aceraceae	19	18	19	12	15	14	15	10
山杨 Populus davidiana	杨柳科 Salicaceae	16	16	7	4	4	4	4	2
拧筋槭 Acer triflorum	槭树科 Aceraceae	11	11	11	8	10	10	10	7
毛山楂 Crataegus maximouwiczii	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	9	9	9	8	5	5	5	5
山梨 Pyrus ussuriensis	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	7	7	6	6	5	5	4	4
乌苏里鼠李 Rhamnus ussuriensis	鼠李科 Rhamnaceae	6	5	5	5	6	5	5	5
茶条槭 Acer ginnala	槭树科 Aceraceae	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
山樱 Cerasus maximowiczii	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	1	1	-	-	1	1	-	-
总计 Total		11,959	4,565	8,648	5,357

物种名 Species	科 Family	幼苗个体数 No. of seedlings in 600 quadrats				出现的样方数 No. of quadrats presented
物种名 Species	科 Family	2006-2008	2006	2007	2008	2006-2008	2006	2007	2008
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica	木犀科 Oleaceae	4,442	1,434	1,854	3,040	470	344	402	342
紫椴 Tilia amurensis	椴树科 Tiliaceae	4,258	614*	3,931	420	481	203*	469	112
色木槭 Acer mono	槭树科 Aceraceae	1,443	1,266	1,323	1,070	394	357	375	336
红松 Pinus koraiensis	松科 Pinaceae	641	283	521	42	218	100	189	20
假色槭 Acer pseudo-sieboldianum	槭树科 Aceraceae	466	334	390	314	200	154	178	145
春榆 Ulmus japonica	榆科 Ulmaceae	149	132	134	97	98	87	91	70
怀槐 Maackia amurensis	豆科 Leguminosae	118	98	105	69	77	66	71	50
青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum	槭树科 Aceraceae	107	86	92	86	61	48	53	51
山丁子 Malus baccata	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	88	86	81	65	60	58	57	50
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	壳斗科 Fagaceae	70	61	62	30	53	46	48	24
稠李 Prunus padus	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	49	49	45	38	19	19	18	17
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica	椴树科 Tiliaceae	31	31	26	20	6	6	6	6
裂叶榆 Ulmus laciniata	榆科 Ulmaceae	27	23	26	22	21	18	21	17
白牛槭 Acer mandshuricum	槭树科 Aceraceae	19	18	19	12	15	14	15	10
山杨 Populus davidiana	杨柳科 Salicaceae	16	16	7	4	4	4	4	2
拧筋槭 Acer triflorum	槭树科 Aceraceae	11	11	11	8	10	10	10	7
毛山楂 Crataegus maximouwiczii	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	9	9	9	8	5	5	5	5
山梨 Pyrus ussuriensis	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	7	7	6	6	5	5	4	4
乌苏里鼠李 Rhamnus ussuriensis	鼠李科 Rhamnaceae	6	5	5	5	6	5	5	5
茶条槭 Acer ginnala	槭树科 Aceraceae	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
山樱 Cerasus maximowiczii	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	1	1	-	-	1	1	-	-
总计 Total		11,959	4,565	8,648	5,357

物种名 Species	新增幼苗数量 No. of recruitment				新增幼苗出现的样方数 No. of quadrats presented				幼苗死亡数量 No. of mortality
物种名 Species	2006-2008	2006	2007	2008	2006-2008	2006	2007	2008	2006-2007	2007-2008
紫椴 Tilia amurensis	4,187	542*	3,333	312	477	184*	446	79	\	3,756
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica	4,086	1,095	646	2,345	448	308	244	227	243	1,145
红松 Pinus koraiensis	629	271	356	2	212	92	146	2	118	473
色木槭 Acer mono	479	304	131	44	238	177	91	28	76	282
假色槭 A. pseudo-sieboldianum	296	163	75	58	142	90	55	37	18	131
怀槐 Maackia amurensis	50	30	18	2	38	26	12	2	11	37
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	39	30	8	1	32	25	7	1	7	33
春榆 Ulmus japonica	36	23	12	1	28	17	10	1	14	34
青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum	31	10	7	14	22	8	7	11	1	17
山丁子 Malus baccata	15	14	1	-	10	9	1	-	7	16
山杨 Populus davidiana	12	12	-	-	3	3	-	-	9	3
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica	6	6	-	-	2	2	-	-	5	6
裂叶榆 Ulmus laciniata	5	1	3	1	4	1	3	1	-	3
白牛槭 Acer mandshuricum	3	2	1	-	3	2	1	-	-	1
拧筋槭 A. triflorum	1	1	-	-	1	1	-	-	-	2
山樱 Cerasus maximowiczii	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
毛山楂 Crataegus maximouwiczii	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
稠李 Prunus padus	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	7
山梨 Pyrus ussuriensis	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
乌苏里鼠李 Rhamnus ussuriensis	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
总计 Total	9,875	2,504	4,591	2,780	\	\	\	\	515	5,948

物种名 Species	新增幼苗数量 No. of recruitment				新增幼苗出现的样方数 No. of quadrats presented				幼苗死亡数量 No. of mortality
物种名 Species	2006-2008	2006	2007	2008	2006-2008	2006	2007	2008	2006-2007	2007-2008
紫椴 Tilia amurensis	4,187	542*	3,333	312	477	184*	446	79	\	3,756
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica	4,086	1,095	646	2,345	448	308	244	227	243	1,145
红松 Pinus koraiensis	629	271	356	2	212	92	146	2	118	473
色木槭 Acer mono	479	304	131	44	238	177	91	28	76	282
假色槭 A. pseudo-sieboldianum	296	163	75	58	142	90	55	37	18	131
怀槐 Maackia amurensis	50	30	18	2	38	26	12	2	11	37
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	39	30	8	1	32	25	7	1	7	33
春榆 Ulmus japonica	36	23	12	1	28	17	10	1	14	34
青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum	31	10	7	14	22	8	7	11	1	17
山丁子 Malus baccata	15	14	1	-	10	9	1	-	7	16
山杨 Populus davidiana	12	12	-	-	3	3	-	-	9	3
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica	6	6	-	-	2	2	-	-	5	6
裂叶榆 Ulmus laciniata	5	1	3	1	4	1	3	1	-	3
白牛槭 Acer mandshuricum	3	2	1	-	3	2	1	-	-	1
拧筋槭 A. triflorum	1	1	-	-	1	1	-	-	-	2
山樱 Cerasus maximowiczii	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
毛山楂 Crataegus maximouwiczii	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
稠李 Prunus padus	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	7
山梨 Pyrus ussuriensis	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-
乌苏里鼠李 Rhamnus ussuriensis	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
总计 Total	9,875	2,504	4,591	2,780	\	\	\	\	515	5,948

物种名 Species	个体数 (Individuals/ha)
物种名 Species	幼苗 Seedlings	种子 Seeds	大树 Trees
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandshurica	2961.33	664400	27.24
紫椴 Tilia amurensis	2838.67	1083800	117.08
色木槭 Acer mono	962.00	49066.67	264.36
红松 Pinus koraiensis	427.33	2866.67	98.72
假色槭 Acer pseudo-sieboldianum	310.67	61533.33	239.36
春榆 Ulmus japonica	99.33	84933.33	44.36
怀槐 Maackia amurensis	78.67	533.33	30.12
青楷槭 Acer tegmentosum	71.33	466.67	33.84
山丁子 Malus baccata	58.67	200	4.24
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	46.67	600	37.04
稠李 Prunus padus	32.67	-	20.60
糠椴 Tilia mandshurica	20.67	5666.67	16.40
裂叶榆 Ulmus laciniata	18.00	-	7.68
白牛槭 Acer mandshuricum	12.67	1266.67	10.04
山杨 Populus davidiana	10.67	-	1.08
拧筋槭 Acer triflorum	7.33	1600	11.04
毛山楂 Crataegus maximouwiczii	6.00	-	4.84
山梨 Pyrus ussuriensis	4.67	-	2.96
乌苏里鼠李 Rhamnus ussuriensis	4.00	-	4.72
茶条槭 Acer ginnala	0.67	-	4.32
山樱 Cerasus maximowiczii	0.67	-	0.72

长白山阔叶红松林乔木树种幼苗组成及其年际动态

Composition and interannual dynamics of tree seedlings in broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) mixed forest in Changbai Mountain

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