生物多样性 ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 343-351. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09039
所属专题: 昆虫多样性与生态功能
卢志兴1,2, 陈又清1,*(), 张威3, 王思铭1,2, 李巧3
收稿日期:
2013-02-05
接受日期:
2013-04-22
出版日期:
2013-05-20
发布日期:
2013-06-05
通讯作者:
陈又清
基金资助:
Zhixing Lu1,2, Youqing Chen1,2,*(), Wei Zhang3, Siming Wang1,2, Qiao Li3
Received:
2013-02-05
Accepted:
2013-04-22
Online:
2013-05-20
Published:
2013-06-05
Contact:
Chen Youqing
摘要:
为了探讨蚂蚁-紫胶虫兼性互利关系对树冠上蚂蚁群落多样性的影响, 作者于2009年12月至2010年5月, 采用目光搜寻的方法调查了不同紫胶虫数量样地(样地I有效枝条寄生率为60%、样地II为30%、样地III为10%、样地IV不放养紫胶虫)中钝叶黄檀(Dalbergia obtusifolia)树冠蚂蚁群落的多样性。结果显示, 兼性互利关系能够显著提高树冠蚂蚁群落多度及物种丰富度, 改变树冠上蚂蚁的群落结构; 由紫胶虫数量高低导致的蜜露产量的多寡对树冠上蚂蚁的多度和群落结构均具有显著影响, 但对物种丰富度无显著影响; 同时紫胶虫的个体发育阶段也是影响树冠上蚂蚁多度的重要因素。本研究证明, 紫胶虫对于提高树冠上蚂蚁的多样性具有显著的正面影响, 紫胶林对蚂蚁多样性保护有利。
卢志兴, 陈又清, 张威, 王思铭, 李巧 (2013) 蚂蚁-紫胶虫兼性互利关系对蚂蚁群落多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 21, 343-351. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09039.
Zhixing Lu,Youqing Chen,Wei Zhang,Siming Wang,Qiao Li (2013) Effects of facultative mutualism between ants and lac insects on the diversity of ant communities. Biodiversity Science, 21, 343-351. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09039.
样地 Sites | 常见种 Common species | 转换后多度百分率(%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12月 Dec. | 1月 Jan. | 2月 Feb. | 3月 Mar. | 4月 Apr. | 5月 May | ||
I | 飘细长蚁 Tetraponera allaborans | <10 | <10 | <10 | 14.74 | <10 | 21.71 |
粗纹举腹蚁 Crematogaster macaoensis | 68.57 | 73.40 | 64.49 | 56.84 | 56.72 | 45.39 | |
黑头酸臭蚁 Tapinoma melanocephalum | <10 | - | - | - | 10.45 | - | |
黑可可臭蚁 Dolichoderus thoracicus | <10 | <10 | <10 | 13.68 | <10 | <10 | |
II | 飘细长蚁 Tetraponera allaborans | <10 | <10 | 21.51 | 21.95 | 14.53 | 29.91 |
粗纹举腹蚁 Crematogaster macaoensis | 26.25 | 25.32 | 29.03 | 18.29 | 33.33 | 11.97 | |
立毛举腹蚁 C. ferrarii | 42.50 | 46.84 | 24.73 | 25.61 | 36.75 | 41.88 | |
罗氏棒切叶蚁 Rhoptromyrmex wroughtonii | 12.50 | - | <10 | - | - | - | |
黑可可臭蚁 Dolichoderus thoracicus | <10 | 16.46 | 12.90 | 15.85 | <10 | <10 | |
光胫多刺蚁 Polyrhachis tibialis | - | - | <10 | 10.98 | - | - | |
III | 飘细长蚁 Tetraponera allaborans | <10 | 10.53 | 16.39 | 28.57 | 16.67 | 34.38 |
粗纹举腹蚁 Crematogaster macaoensis | 36.84 | 31.58 | 22.95 | 21.43 | 26.32 | 13.54 | |
立毛举腹蚁 C. ferrarii | 28.95 | 31.58 | 44.26 | 21.43 | 27.19 | 30.21 | |
罗氏棒切叶蚁 Rhoptromyrmex wroughtonii | 20.18 | 11.84 | - | - | <10 | - | |
皮氏大头蚁 Pheidole pieli | - | - | - | - | 14.91 | - | |
IV | 飘细长蚁 Tetraponera allaborans | 11.54 | 28.21 | 27.59 | 25.00 | 10.71 | 23.46 |
粗纹举腹蚁 Crematogaster macaoensis | <10 | - | - | 11.36 | 14.29 | <10 | |
立毛举腹蚁 C. ferrarii | 42.31 | 35.90 | 41.38 | 45.45 | 38.10 | 55.56 | |
皮氏大头蚁 Pheidole pieli | - | - | - | - | 10.71 | - | |
黑头酸臭蚁 Tapinoma melanocephalum | 19.23 | - | - | - | - | - | |
黑可可臭蚁 Dolichoderus thoracicus | <10 | 35.90 | 20.69 | 13.64 | <10 | - | |
光胫多刺蚁 Polyrhachis tibialis | 11.54 | - | 10.34 | <10 | - | - |
表1 不同月份各样地蚂蚁常见物种组成
Table 1 Common ant species in different months in lac plantation
样地 Sites | 常见种 Common species | 转换后多度百分率(%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12月 Dec. | 1月 Jan. | 2月 Feb. | 3月 Mar. | 4月 Apr. | 5月 May | ||
I | 飘细长蚁 Tetraponera allaborans | <10 | <10 | <10 | 14.74 | <10 | 21.71 |
粗纹举腹蚁 Crematogaster macaoensis | 68.57 | 73.40 | 64.49 | 56.84 | 56.72 | 45.39 | |
黑头酸臭蚁 Tapinoma melanocephalum | <10 | - | - | - | 10.45 | - | |
黑可可臭蚁 Dolichoderus thoracicus | <10 | <10 | <10 | 13.68 | <10 | <10 | |
II | 飘细长蚁 Tetraponera allaborans | <10 | <10 | 21.51 | 21.95 | 14.53 | 29.91 |
粗纹举腹蚁 Crematogaster macaoensis | 26.25 | 25.32 | 29.03 | 18.29 | 33.33 | 11.97 | |
立毛举腹蚁 C. ferrarii | 42.50 | 46.84 | 24.73 | 25.61 | 36.75 | 41.88 | |
罗氏棒切叶蚁 Rhoptromyrmex wroughtonii | 12.50 | - | <10 | - | - | - | |
黑可可臭蚁 Dolichoderus thoracicus | <10 | 16.46 | 12.90 | 15.85 | <10 | <10 | |
光胫多刺蚁 Polyrhachis tibialis | - | - | <10 | 10.98 | - | - | |
III | 飘细长蚁 Tetraponera allaborans | <10 | 10.53 | 16.39 | 28.57 | 16.67 | 34.38 |
粗纹举腹蚁 Crematogaster macaoensis | 36.84 | 31.58 | 22.95 | 21.43 | 26.32 | 13.54 | |
立毛举腹蚁 C. ferrarii | 28.95 | 31.58 | 44.26 | 21.43 | 27.19 | 30.21 | |
罗氏棒切叶蚁 Rhoptromyrmex wroughtonii | 20.18 | 11.84 | - | - | <10 | - | |
皮氏大头蚁 Pheidole pieli | - | - | - | - | 14.91 | - | |
IV | 飘细长蚁 Tetraponera allaborans | 11.54 | 28.21 | 27.59 | 25.00 | 10.71 | 23.46 |
粗纹举腹蚁 Crematogaster macaoensis | <10 | - | - | 11.36 | 14.29 | <10 | |
立毛举腹蚁 C. ferrarii | 42.31 | 35.90 | 41.38 | 45.45 | 38.10 | 55.56 | |
皮氏大头蚁 Pheidole pieli | - | - | - | - | 10.71 | - | |
黑头酸臭蚁 Tapinoma melanocephalum | 19.23 | - | - | - | - | - | |
黑可可臭蚁 Dolichoderus thoracicus | <10 | 35.90 | 20.69 | 13.64 | <10 | - | |
光胫多刺蚁 Polyrhachis tibialis | 11.54 | - | 10.34 | <10 | - | - |
图1 基于转换后多度的物种累积曲线。图中I、II、III和IV分别代表紫胶虫寄生率为60%、30%、10%和无紫胶虫的样地。
Fig. 1 Species accumulation curve of ants based on number of individuals after scales. I, II, III, IV represent plots that lac insect infestation rates were 60%, 30%, 10% and 0, respectively.
因子 Factor | F | P | 偏Eta平方 Partial Eta squared | |
---|---|---|---|---|
多度 Abundance | 样地 Sites | 26.19 | 0.001 | 0.540 |
月份 Months | 23.43 | 0.001 | 0.259 | |
物种丰富度 Species richness (S) | 样地 Sites | 5.53 | 0.002 | 0.198 |
月份 Months | 11.60 | 0.001 | 0.148 | |
ACE估计值 | 样地 Sites | 4.62 | 0.005 | 0.171 |
月份 Months | 10.81 | 0.002 | 0.139 |
表2 不同样地及月份蚂蚁群落多样性指数协方差模型验证
Table 2 Results of ANCOVA models testing of ant community diversity index among different sites and months
因子 Factor | F | P | 偏Eta平方 Partial Eta squared | |
---|---|---|---|---|
多度 Abundance | 样地 Sites | 26.19 | 0.001 | 0.540 |
月份 Months | 23.43 | 0.001 | 0.259 | |
物种丰富度 Species richness (S) | 样地 Sites | 5.53 | 0.002 | 0.198 |
月份 Months | 11.60 | 0.001 | 0.148 | |
ACE估计值 | 样地 Sites | 4.62 | 0.005 | 0.171 |
月份 Months | 10.81 | 0.002 | 0.139 |
样地 Sites | 多度 Abundance | 物种丰富度 Species richness (S) | ACE |
---|---|---|---|
I | 6.13 ± 0.19a | 1.65 ± 0.16a | 1.68 ± 0.09a |
II | 5.56 ± 0.20b | 1.63 ± 0.11a | 1.66 ± 0.07a |
III | 5.38 ± 0.18b | 1.70 ± 0.14a | 1.75 ± 0.06a |
IV | 3.98 ± 0.24c | 1.38 ± 0.09b | 1.41 ± 0.07b |
表3 不同样地蚂蚁群落多样性比较
Table 3 Comparison of diversity of ants in different sites (Mean ± SE)
样地 Sites | 多度 Abundance | 物种丰富度 Species richness (S) | ACE |
---|---|---|---|
I | 6.13 ± 0.19a | 1.65 ± 0.16a | 1.68 ± 0.09a |
II | 5.56 ± 0.20b | 1.63 ± 0.11a | 1.66 ± 0.07a |
III | 5.38 ± 0.18b | 1.70 ± 0.14a | 1.75 ± 0.06a |
IV | 3.98 ± 0.24c | 1.38 ± 0.09b | 1.41 ± 0.07b |
图2 各样地不同月份蚂蚁多度及物种丰富度。图中I、II、III和IV分别代表紫胶虫寄生率为60%、30%、10%和无紫胶虫的样地。
Fig. 2 Abundance and species richness of ants in different months in lac plantations. I, II, III, IV represent plots that lac insect infestation rates were 60%, 30%, 10% and 0, respectively.
图3 各样地蚂蚁群落主坐标分析。图中I、II、III和IV分别代表紫胶虫寄生率为60%、30%、10%和无紫胶虫的样地; 数字表示不同分组。
Fig. 3 Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) for ant community. I, II, III, IV represent plots that lac insect infestation rates were 60%, 30%, 10% and 0, respectively. The number represent different groups.
图4 不同月份蚂蚁群落主坐标分析。图中字母L表示紫胶虫幼虫期, A表示紫胶虫成虫期, 数字表示月份。
Fig. 4 Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) for ant community in different months. “L” represent the larval stage, “A” represent the adult stage, the number represent different months.
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