浙江水源地河流浮游动物多样性与环境因子的通径分析

doi:10.17520/biods.2019319

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明水源地河流浮游动物多样性及与水环境因子的关系, 利用浮游动物多样性参数监测水质, 2010-2014年间, 我们于每年的冬季(1月)、春季(4月)、夏季(7月)和秋季(10月), 对浙江2个水源地河流采样站(H1站和H2站)展开浮游动物种类组成、丰度和多样性指数的季节性调查, 同时测定水环境因子。结果表明, H1站和H2站浮游动物平均丰度分别为1,387.4 ind./L和873.0 ind./L, 小型浮游动物(轮虫 + 桡足类无节幼体)丰度分别占92.8% (H1站)和91.5% (H2站)。两采样站轮虫、枝角类和桡足类的优势种均为针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)、短尾秀体溞(Diaphanosoma brachyurum)和温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops sp.)。多元逐步回归与通径分析结果表明: 冬季氮磷比是轮虫类Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)波动的限制因子, 主要通过总磷含量对轮虫类H′指数产生较大的间接正向作用; 春季氮磷比是轮虫类H′指数发展的决策因子; 秋季氮磷比可通过总氮含量对轮虫类H′指数产生较大的间接正向作用。冬季氨氮、总氮含量分别是甲壳动物体积多样性指数(Hs)的决策因子和限制因子。夏季溶解氧含量是总浮游动物物种丰富度(d)波动的限制因子, 主要通过pH值对d指数产生较大的间接正向作用, 作用机制表现为轮虫类H′指数随着夏季溶解氧含量的升高呈极显著上升(P < 0.01), 而甲壳动物Hs指数则显著下降(P < 0.05)。水源地河流环境因子与浮游动物多样性之间的相互关系为浙江水源地生态学监测提供了可能性。

关键词: 河流, 轮虫, 甲壳动物, 多样性指数, 通径分析, 水源地

Abstract

In order to understand zooplankton diversity and their relationship with water environmental factors, we monitored zooplankton abundance as a measure of water quality. Forty samples were collected at two sampling stations (H1 and H2) of water sources rivers, Zhejiang Province in the winter (January), spring (April), summer (July) and autumn (October), annually from 2010 to 2014. We also measured environmental variables at the stations. The average abundance of zooplankton in stations H1 and H2 were 1,387.4 ind./L and 873 ind./L, respectively. The abundance of small zooplankton (rotifer + copepod nauplii) accounted for 92.8% of the abundance at station H1 and 91.5% at station H2. Dominant species of Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda in the two sampling stations were Polyarthra trigla, Diaphanosoma brachyurum and Thermocyclops sp., respectively. Multivariate stepwise regression and path analysis showed that N∶P was the limiting factor for Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') of rotifers in winter and had indirect effects (+) on the rotifers mainly through TP. N∶P was also the deciding factor for H' of rotifers in spring and could have greater indirect effects (+) on rotifers in autumn through TN. The content of NH₄ ⁺-N and TN were the deciding and limiting factors, respectively, for size diversity index (Hs) of crustaceans in winter. DO was a limiting factor for species richness of total zooplankton (d) in summer, having a large indirect effect (+) mainly through pH. We believe this to be due to significant increases in H' of rotifers with the rising DO (P < 0.01), while the Hs index of crustacean declined significantly (P < 0.05). The relationship between water environmental factors and zooplankton diversity in water source rivers provides the possibility for ecological monitoring of water sources.

Key words: rivers, Rotifera, crustacean, diversity index, path analysis, water sources

李共国, 李平, 徐杭英, 于海燕, 俞建 (2020) 浙江水源地河流浮游动物多样性与环境因子的通径分析. 生物多样性, 28, 166-175. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019319.

Li Gongguo, Li Ping, Xu Hangying, Yu Haiyan, Yu Jian (2020) Path analysis of zooplankton diversity and environmental factors in the water sources rivers, Zhejiang Province. Biodiversity Science, 28, 166-175. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019319.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019319

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2020/V28/I2/166

图/表 10

参考文献 30

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月份 Month	采样站 Station	pH	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	总氮 Total nitrogen (mg/L)	总磷 Total phosphorus (mg/L)	氨氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg/L)	氮磷比 N∶P	藻类密度 Algal density (× 10⁴ind./L)	种类数 No. of species	丰度 Abundance (ind./L)
1	H1	7.43 ± 0.11	4.92 ± 1.62^b	6.29 ± 1.13^a	0.235 ± 0.084^b	2.35 ± 0.81^a	30.0 ± 11.5^a	21.2 ± 20.6^b	19.4 ± 3.4	684 ± 548^ab
1	H2	7.50 ± 0.23	6.66 ± 2.47^a	4.57 ± 1.78^abc	0.280 ± 0.157^b	1.94 ± 1.19^ab	17.9 ± 4.7^bc	54.9 ± 70.1^ab	14.0 ± 4.8	293 ± 533^b
4	H1	7.41 ± 0.23	4.06 ± 1.38^b	5.50 ± 1.43^ab	0.262 ± 0.097^b	2.44 ± 0.98^a	25.1 ± 14.4^ab	66.6 ± 60.8^ab	15.4 ± 2.7	1,693 ± 1,192^ab
4	H2	7.50 ± 0.16	6.58 ± 0.70^a	5.33 ± 1.38^ab	0.276 ± 0.119^b	1.19 ± 0.88^bc	22.0 ± 8.8^ab	115.1 ± 126.2^a	16.2 ± 3.3	942 ± 846^ab
7	H1	7.33 ± 0.11	2.84 ± 1.69^b	3.96 ± 1.48^bc	0.449 ± 0.088^a	1.88 ± 0.97^ab	8.8 ± 2.4^c	44.0 ± 67.9^ab	22.0 ± 5.1	2,419 ± 2,681^a
7	H2	7.46 ± 0.19	6.96 ± 2.61^a	3.84 ± 1.57^bc	0.433 ± 0.084^a	0.66 ± 0.47^c	9.0 ± 3.2^c	32.8 ± 21.3^b	21.0 ± 7.7	1,762 ± 2,132^ab
10	H1	7.30 ± 0.13	3.45 ± 1.15^b	3.39 ± 1.59^c	0.201 ± 0.047^b	0.96 ± 0.61^bc	16.3 ± 4.8^bc	26.9 ± 23.0^b	22.8 ± 6.6	508 ± 395^b
10	H2	7.44 ± 0.21	6.18 ± 1.53^a	2.97 ± 1.52^c	0.170 ± 0.066^b	0.26 ± 0.13^c	18.6 ± 9.9^bc	37.9 ± 19.6^ab	13.6 ± 4.0	407 ± 421^b

月份 Month	采样站 Station	pH	溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	总氮 Total nitrogen (mg/L)	总磷 Total phosphorus (mg/L)	氨氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg/L)	氮磷比 N∶P	藻类密度 Algal density (× 10⁴ind./L)	种类数 No. of species	丰度 Abundance (ind./L)
1	H1	7.43 ± 0.11	4.92 ± 1.62^b	6.29 ± 1.13^a	0.235 ± 0.084^b	2.35 ± 0.81^a	30.0 ± 11.5^a	21.2 ± 20.6^b	19.4 ± 3.4	684 ± 548^ab
1	H2	7.50 ± 0.23	6.66 ± 2.47^a	4.57 ± 1.78^abc	0.280 ± 0.157^b	1.94 ± 1.19^ab	17.9 ± 4.7^bc	54.9 ± 70.1^ab	14.0 ± 4.8	293 ± 533^b
4	H1	7.41 ± 0.23	4.06 ± 1.38^b	5.50 ± 1.43^ab	0.262 ± 0.097^b	2.44 ± 0.98^a	25.1 ± 14.4^ab	66.6 ± 60.8^ab	15.4 ± 2.7	1,693 ± 1,192^ab
4	H2	7.50 ± 0.16	6.58 ± 0.70^a	5.33 ± 1.38^ab	0.276 ± 0.119^b	1.19 ± 0.88^bc	22.0 ± 8.8^ab	115.1 ± 126.2^a	16.2 ± 3.3	942 ± 846^ab
7	H1	7.33 ± 0.11	2.84 ± 1.69^b	3.96 ± 1.48^bc	0.449 ± 0.088^a	1.88 ± 0.97^ab	8.8 ± 2.4^c	44.0 ± 67.9^ab	22.0 ± 5.1	2,419 ± 2,681^a
7	H2	7.46 ± 0.19	6.96 ± 2.61^a	3.84 ± 1.57^bc	0.433 ± 0.084^a	0.66 ± 0.47^c	9.0 ± 3.2^c	32.8 ± 21.3^b	21.0 ± 7.7	1,762 ± 2,132^ab
10	H1	7.30 ± 0.13	3.45 ± 1.15^b	3.39 ± 1.59^c	0.201 ± 0.047^b	0.96 ± 0.61^bc	16.3 ± 4.8^bc	26.9 ± 23.0^b	22.8 ± 6.6	508 ± 395^b
10	H2	7.44 ± 0.21	6.18 ± 1.53^a	2.97 ± 1.52^c	0.170 ± 0.066^b	0.26 ± 0.13^c	18.6 ± 9.9^bc	37.9 ± 19.6^ab	13.6 ± 4.0	407 ± 421^b

季节 Season	项目 Items	样本数 n	多元回归方程 Multiple regression equation	重要因子 Important factor		R	P
季节 Season	项目 Items	样本数 n	多元回归方程 Multiple regression equation	决策因子 Deciding factor	限制因子 Limiting factor	R	P
冬季 Winter	d	10	-
	H′	10	H′ = 4.67 + 0.71TN - 13.45TP - 0.13N∶P	NH₄⁺-N (0.532)	N∶P (-4.569)	0.903	0.0130
	Hs	10	Hs = 1.89 - 0.21TN + 0.38NH₄⁺-N + 0.04N∶P -0.01PD		TN (-1.342)	0.987	0.0005
春季 Spring	d	10	-
	H′	10	H′ = 1.75 + 0.26TN - 0.13NH₄⁺-N - 0.02N∶P	N∶P (0.388)		0.868	0.0295
	Hs	10	-
夏季 Summer	d	10	d = -57.11 + 8.70pH - 0.38DO - 4.39TP - 0.01PD		DO (-1.351)	0.898	0.0493
	H′	10	H′ = 0.28 + 0.13DO + 2.92TP + 0.002PD	DO (0.706)		0.968	0.0006
	Hs	10	Hs = 2.96 - 0.12DO			0.680	0.0307
秋季 Autumn	d	10	-
	H′	10	H′ = 2.21 + 0.65TN - 0.07N∶P - 0.03PD	PD (0.109)		0.863	0.0326
	Hs	10	-

季节 Season	项目 Items	样本数 n	多元回归方程 Multiple regression equation	重要因子 Important factor		R	P
季节 Season	项目 Items	样本数 n	多元回归方程 Multiple regression equation	决策因子 Deciding factor	限制因子 Limiting factor	R	P
冬季 Winter	d	10	-
	H′	10	H′ = 4.67 + 0.71TN - 13.45TP - 0.13N∶P	NH₄⁺-N (0.532)	N∶P (-4.569)	0.903	0.0130
	Hs	10	Hs = 1.89 - 0.21TN + 0.38NH₄⁺-N + 0.04N∶P -0.01PD		TN (-1.342)	0.987	0.0005
春季 Spring	d	10	-
	H′	10	H′ = 1.75 + 0.26TN - 0.13NH₄⁺-N - 0.02N∶P	N∶P (0.388)		0.868	0.0295
	Hs	10	-
夏季 Summer	d	10	d = -57.11 + 8.70pH - 0.38DO - 4.39TP - 0.01PD		DO (-1.351)	0.898	0.0493
	H′	10	H′ = 0.28 + 0.13DO + 2.92TP + 0.002PD	DO (0.706)		0.968	0.0006
	Hs	10	Hs = 2.96 - 0.12DO			0.680	0.0307
秋季 Autumn	d	10	-
	H′	10	H′ = 2.21 + 0.65TN - 0.07N∶P - 0.03PD	PD (0.109)		0.863	0.0326
	Hs	10	-

因子 Factor	相关系数 Correlative coefficient	直接作用系数 Direct path coefficient	间接作用系数之和 Total of indirect path coefficient	间接作用系数 Indirect path coefficient
因子 Factor	相关系数 Correlative coefficient	直接作用系数 Direct path coefficient	间接作用系数之和 Total of indirect path coefficient	→Total nitrogen	→Total phosphorus	→NH₄⁺-N	→N∶P
Total nitrogen	0.093 (0.565)	1.683 (0.784)	-1.590 (-0.219)		-0.845	(-0.226)	-0.745 (0.007)
Total phosphorus	-0.467	-2.322	1.856	0.612			1.244
NH₄⁺-N	(0.267)	(-0.325)	(0.592)	(0.544)			(0.047)
N∶P	0.222 (-0.623)	-1.927 (-0.638)	2.149 (0.015)	0.651 (-0.009)	1.498	(0.024)