生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (3): 358-365.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13202

所属专题: 生物多样性与生态系统功能

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

古田山不同干扰程度森林的群落恢复动态

徐远杰1,2,,A;*(), 林敦梅2, 米湘成2, 任海保2, 马克平2   

  1. 1 .西南林业大学云南生物多样性研究院, 昆明 650224
    2 .中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
  • 收稿日期:2013-09-17 接受日期:2014-02-22 出版日期:2014-05-20 发布日期:2014-06-04
  • 通讯作者: 徐远杰
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31300454)

Recovery dynamics of secondary forests with different disturbance intensity in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve

Yuanjie Xu1,2(), Dunmei Lin2, Xiangcheng Mi2, Haibao Ren2, Keping Ma2   

  1. 1. Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224
    2. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
  • Received:2013-09-17 Accepted:2014-02-22 Online:2014-05-20 Published:2014-06-04

摘要:

森林采伐后次生林的恢复过程对于生物多样性的保护和生态系统功能的重建具有重要意义。作者以古田山不同干扰程度的12个1 ha 森林样地为研究对象, 运用群落多元统计方法, 探讨了自然恢复过程中森林群落组成及物种多样性的动态变化及趋势。结果表明: 不同恢复阶段森林样地的群落组成存在显著性差异, 而同一恢复阶段的样地具有高度的相似性。物种丰富度随恢复进程有增加的趋势, 但各阶段差异并不显著; 物种均匀度除人工林较低以外, 其他恢复阶段之间无显著性差异。不同恢复阶段研究样地的群落组成及物种多样性的差异主要存在于林冠层。灌木及更新层具有各自的指示种, 人工林的指示种为落叶灌木或阳性乔木, 幼龄次生林的指示种为常绿灌木或小乔木, 老次生林的指示种为亚乔木层常绿树种, 老龄林的指示种为林冠层树种。上述结果表明古田山不同人为干扰程度森林群落的物种多样性具有较强的自我恢复能力。尽管物种组成难以预测, 但处于同一恢复阶段的森林, 其幼树的生活型组成呈现出一致的变化趋势。

关键词: 次生林恢复, 常绿阔叶林, 群落组成, 物种多样性, 人为干扰, 古田山自然保护区

Abstract

Understanding the underlying processes of secondary forest recovery after disturbances such as logging is essential for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem rehabilitation. We surveyed 12 forest plots (1 ha in size) with different extents of anthropogenic disturbances in the Gutianshan National Nature Reserve and explored the community dynamics of secondary forest recovery by applying multivariate statistical ana- lysis. We found significant differences in community composition among various recovery phases, whereas high similarities of community composition were observed within the same recovery phase. No significant difference in species richness was observed among recovery stages, but species richness tended to increase during the recovery process. Species evenness in Chinese fir forests was relatively low whereas no significant difference occurred in other forests. The main differences in community composition and species diversity were found in the canopy layer. Respective indicator species were found in shrubs and regeneration layers during different recovery phases. The most representative indicator species were deciduous shrubs or heliophilous trees for plantation forests of Chinese fir, evergreen shrubs or small trees for young secondary forests, sub-canopy evergreen trees for old secondary forests, and canopy species for old-growth forests, respectively. Overall, species diversity recovered rigorously. Also the life-form composition of saplings in the same recovery phase presented consistent trends in spite of complex and unpredictable changes in species composition during the recovery process.

Key words: secondary forest recovery, evergreen broad-leaved forests, community composition, species diversity, anthropogenic disturbances, Gutianshan National Nature Reserve