生物多样性 ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (5): 628-634. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.07251
收稿日期:
2012-12-24
接受日期:
2013-05-15
出版日期:
2013-09-20
发布日期:
2013-10-08
通讯作者:
吴荭
基金资助:
Hong Wu1,*(), Xuemei Yang1, Huimin Shao2, Fei Wang2
Received:
2012-12-24
Accepted:
2013-05-15
Online:
2013-09-20
Published:
2013-10-08
Contact:
Wu Hong
摘要:
杜鹃花种质资源是决定未来杜鹃花产业发展潜力的根本。作者通过探讨杜鹃花种质资源保育利用现状与存在的问题, 试图为我国杜鹃花产业的健康与可持续发展提供一些新的思路。目前全球杜鹃花产业的种质资源利用率为12.0-15.0%, 我国仅为8.7-12.2%, 仍具有巨大的利用潜力。现今利用的杜鹃花种类以映山红亚属(Subgenus Tsutsusi)、羊踯躅亚属(Subgenus Therorhodion)等中小型半常绿或落叶类群为主。作者根据多年的观察, 指出了我国的一些适合用于未来品种选育的原始种类。目前, 我国杜鹃花产业主要面临的问题是对种质资源的价值认识不足、研发平台建设滞后、缺乏持续提供新品种及其配套技术的能力等。为此, 作者提出了如下对策: (1)正确认识杜鹃花的资源价值, 加强杜鹃花知识的传播, 在种质资源型产业的构建、改造、运作等过程中充分权衡和监督种质资源基础设计的合理性与可持续性; (2)构建杜鹃花种质资源联盟, 建立3-5个以杜鹃花为主体的自然保护区; (3) 提升杜鹃花产业的研发与创新能力。
吴荭, 杨雪梅, 邵慧敏, 王飞 (2013) 杜鹃花产业的种质资源基础: 现状、问题与对策. 生物多样性, 21, 628-634. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.07251.
Hong Wu,Xuemei Yang,Huimin Shao,Fei Wang (2013) Germplasm resource base for rhododendron horticulture: status, probl- ems and countermeasures. Biodiversity Science, 21, 628-634. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.07251.
全球数量 No. in the world | 利用量 No. being utilized | 利用率 Utilization rate (%) | 主要类群 Major groups | |
---|---|---|---|---|
亚属 Subgenus | 8 | 8 | 100.0 | 映山红 Tsutsusi 羊踯躅 Therorhodion |
组 Section | 15 | 11 | 73.3 | 羊踯躅 Pentanthera 映山红 Tsutsusi |
亚组 Subsection | 58 | 16 | 27.6 | 云锦 Fortunea 长序 Pontica 有鳞大花 Maddenia |
种 Species | 1,000 | 120-150 | 12.0-15.0 | 映山红 R. simsii 羊踯躅 R. molle 云锦杜鹃 R. fortunei 皋月杜鹃 R. indicum 岸杜鹃 R. ripense 麝香草杜鹃 R. serpyllifolium 淀川杜鹃 R. tedoense 长序杜鹃 R. ponticum R. macrophyllu |
表1 全球杜鹃花种质资源类群的利用状况
Table 1 The germplasm resources of Rhododendron and their utilization status in the world
全球数量 No. in the world | 利用量 No. being utilized | 利用率 Utilization rate (%) | 主要类群 Major groups | |
---|---|---|---|---|
亚属 Subgenus | 8 | 8 | 100.0 | 映山红 Tsutsusi 羊踯躅 Therorhodion |
组 Section | 15 | 11 | 73.3 | 羊踯躅 Pentanthera 映山红 Tsutsusi |
亚组 Subsection | 58 | 16 | 27.6 | 云锦 Fortunea 长序 Pontica 有鳞大花 Maddenia |
种 Species | 1,000 | 120-150 | 12.0-15.0 | 映山红 R. simsii 羊踯躅 R. molle 云锦杜鹃 R. fortunei 皋月杜鹃 R. indicum 岸杜鹃 R. ripense 麝香草杜鹃 R. serpyllifolium 淀川杜鹃 R. tedoense 长序杜鹃 R. ponticum R. macrophyllu |
区域 Area | 种类数量 No. of species | 利用量 No. of utilization | 利用率 Utilization (%) |
---|---|---|---|
中国 China | 576 | 50-70 | 8.7-12.2 |
东北亚 NE Asia | 54 | 35-45 | 64.8-83.3 |
欧洲 Europe | 9 | 7-8 | 77.8-88.9 |
北美洲 North America | 25 | 18-20 | 72.0-80.0 |
表2 杜鹃花种质资源的种类来源与数量分布
Table 2 The species and their origin area of Rhododendron
区域 Area | 种类数量 No. of species | 利用量 No. of utilization | 利用率 Utilization (%) |
---|---|---|---|
中国 China | 576 | 50-70 | 8.7-12.2 |
东北亚 NE Asia | 54 | 35-45 | 64.8-83.3 |
欧洲 Europe | 9 | 7-8 | 77.8-88.9 |
北美洲 North America | 25 | 18-20 | 72.0-80.0 |
中国原产 China | 碎米花杜鹃 R. spiciferum |
---|---|
映山红 R. simsii | 炮仗杜鹃 R. spinuliferum |
羊踯躅 R. molle | 短花杜鹃 R. brachyanthum |
云锦杜鹃 R. fortunei | 疏花杜鹃 R. annae ssp. laxiflorum |
喇叭杜鹃 R. discolor | 红马银花 R. vialiidelavay |
满山红 R. mariesii | 绵毛房杜鹃 R. facetum |
中原杜鹃 R. nakaharae | 东北亚原产 NE Asia |
白毛杜鹃 R. mucronatum | 皋月杜鹃 R. indicum |
钟花杜鹃 R. campylocarpum | 岸杜鹃 R. ripense |
马缨花 R. delavayi | 麝香草杜鹃 R. serpyllifolium |
桃叶杜鹃 R. annae | 淀川杜鹃 R. tedoense |
露珠杜鹃 R. irroratum | 莲花杜鹃 R. japonicum |
团花杜鹃 R. anthosphaerum | 糯杜鹃 R. macrosepalum |
粗柄杜鹃 R. pachypodum | 异蕊杜鹃 R. semibarbatum |
黄杯杜鹃 R. wardii | R. burmanicum |
橙黄杜鹃 R. citriniflorum | 欧洲原产 Europe |
腺梗两色杜鹃 R. dichroanthum var. scyphocalyx | 长序杜鹃 R. ponticum |
蜜黄血红杜鹃 R. sanguineum var. haemalum | 欧洲黄杜鹃 R. luteum |
火红杜鹃 R. neriiflorum | 高加索杜鹃 R. caucasicum |
圆叶杜鹃 R. williamsianum | 秀色杜鹃 R. ferrugineum |
硫磺杜鹃 R. sulfureum | R.macrophyllu |
金平林生杜鹃 R. leptocladon | 北美洲原产 N-America |
纯黄杜鹃 R.chrysodoron | 折萼杜鹃 R. austrinum |
毛柄杜鹃 R. valentinianum | 极大杜鹃 R. maximum |
招展杜鹃 R. megeratum | 大西洋杜鹃 R.atlanticum |
朱砂杜鹃 R. cinnabarinum | 树形杜鹃 R. arborescens |
鲜黄杜鹃 R. xanthostephanum | 加拿大杜鹃 R. candense |
黄铃杜鹃 R. xanthocodon | 酒红杜鹃 R. catawbiense |
黄花杜鹃 R. lutescens | 北美杜鹃 R. calendulaceum |
云南杜鹃 R. yunnanense | 粉红映山红 R. periclymenoides |
基毛杜鹃 R. rigidum |
附录I 已经利用的主要杜鹃花种类
Appendix I The major Rhododendron species having been utilized in rhododendron horticulture
中国原产 China | 碎米花杜鹃 R. spiciferum |
---|---|
映山红 R. simsii | 炮仗杜鹃 R. spinuliferum |
羊踯躅 R. molle | 短花杜鹃 R. brachyanthum |
云锦杜鹃 R. fortunei | 疏花杜鹃 R. annae ssp. laxiflorum |
喇叭杜鹃 R. discolor | 红马银花 R. vialiidelavay |
满山红 R. mariesii | 绵毛房杜鹃 R. facetum |
中原杜鹃 R. nakaharae | 东北亚原产 NE Asia |
白毛杜鹃 R. mucronatum | 皋月杜鹃 R. indicum |
钟花杜鹃 R. campylocarpum | 岸杜鹃 R. ripense |
马缨花 R. delavayi | 麝香草杜鹃 R. serpyllifolium |
桃叶杜鹃 R. annae | 淀川杜鹃 R. tedoense |
露珠杜鹃 R. irroratum | 莲花杜鹃 R. japonicum |
团花杜鹃 R. anthosphaerum | 糯杜鹃 R. macrosepalum |
粗柄杜鹃 R. pachypodum | 异蕊杜鹃 R. semibarbatum |
黄杯杜鹃 R. wardii | R. burmanicum |
橙黄杜鹃 R. citriniflorum | 欧洲原产 Europe |
腺梗两色杜鹃 R. dichroanthum var. scyphocalyx | 长序杜鹃 R. ponticum |
蜜黄血红杜鹃 R. sanguineum var. haemalum | 欧洲黄杜鹃 R. luteum |
火红杜鹃 R. neriiflorum | 高加索杜鹃 R. caucasicum |
圆叶杜鹃 R. williamsianum | 秀色杜鹃 R. ferrugineum |
硫磺杜鹃 R. sulfureum | R.macrophyllu |
金平林生杜鹃 R. leptocladon | 北美洲原产 N-America |
纯黄杜鹃 R.chrysodoron | 折萼杜鹃 R. austrinum |
毛柄杜鹃 R. valentinianum | 极大杜鹃 R. maximum |
招展杜鹃 R. megeratum | 大西洋杜鹃 R.atlanticum |
朱砂杜鹃 R. cinnabarinum | 树形杜鹃 R. arborescens |
鲜黄杜鹃 R. xanthostephanum | 加拿大杜鹃 R. candense |
黄铃杜鹃 R. xanthocodon | 酒红杜鹃 R. catawbiense |
黄花杜鹃 R. lutescens | 北美杜鹃 R. calendulaceum |
云南杜鹃 R. yunnanense | 粉红映山红 R. periclymenoides |
基毛杜鹃 R. rigidum |
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