珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性及区系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.06045

生物多样性 ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (5): 610-615. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.06045

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全

珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性及区系

潘虎君^1,², 杨道德¹, 覃海华², 张亮², 蒋珂³, 胡慧建^2,^*()

1 中南林业科技大学野生动植物保护研究所, 长沙 410004
2 广东省昆虫研究所, 广州 510260
3 中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室, 昆明 650223

收稿日期:2013-02-20 接受日期:2013-06-14 出版日期:2013-09-20 发布日期:2013-10-08
通讯作者: 胡慧建
基金资助:
国家林业局能力建设项目(2010);国家林业公益性行业科研专项国家自然基金(200904037);国家环保公益性行业科研专项(201209028);国家自然科学基金(31071946)

Herpetofauna of Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve in Tibet, China

Hujun Pan^1,², Daode Yang¹, Haihua Qin², Liang Zhang², Ke Jiang³, Huijian Hu^2,^*()

1 Institute of Wildlife Conservation, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004
2 South China Institute of Endangered Animals, Guangzhou 510260
3 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223

Received:2013-02-20 Accepted:2013-06-14 Online:2013-09-20 Published:2013-10-08
Contact: Hu Huijian

1. 附录I 调查样线信息表.pdf(128KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西藏珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区(以下简称珠峰保护区)是全球海拔最高、相对高差最大的自然保护区, 主要保护世界上独一无二的极高山生态系统、原始的山地森林以及异常丰富的山地生物多样性, 但人类目前对区内两栖爬行动物多样性的研究和了解却十分有限。为了掌握野生动物资源现状, 促进保护区的有效管理, 2010-2012年, 我们先后5次对珠峰保护区两栖爬行动物资源进行了系统的实地调查, 共采集到61号两栖爬行动物标本。结果显示: 保护区至今已记录到两栖动物9种, 隶属1目3科6属; 爬行动物11种, 隶属1目4科10属。区内两栖爬行动物区系组成以东洋界物种占绝对优势, 共有17种, 古北界物种仅3种; 区系特有性明显, 中国特有种2种、主要分布在中国的物种6种。古北界与东洋界在区内的分界明显且没有交汇, 分界线约在海拔3,600-3,800 m之间。我们相信随着实地调查工作的深入, 在保护区南坡沟谷区域的两栖爬行动物物种总数还会有所增加。

关键词: 两爬区系, 物种多样性, 珠穆朗玛峰自然保护区

Abstract

The Qomolangma National Nature Reserve (QNNR) in Tibet, China, is the highest nature reserve in the world and is characterized by a wide range in altitude. The QNNR was established to protect its vegetation, unique alpine ecosystem, and overall abundant biodiversity. Amphibians and reptiles are important components of its biodiversity, but are poorly understood. Thus, we surveyed amphibians and reptiles in the QNNR on 5 occasions between October 2010 and October 2012. This survey revealed 9 amphibian species, which belong to 6 genera, 3 families, and 1 order. All of these species belong to the Oriental Realm. We also recorded 11 reptile species belonging to 10 genera, 4 families, and 1 order. Among these species, 8 belong to the Oriental Realm and 3 to the Palearctic Realm. According to our records, the herptofauna of the QNNR is characterized by both endemic amphibian and reptile species with 2 endemic species and 6 quasi-endemic species in China. The estimated species richness of amphibians and reptiles in the reserve is likely to increase with further survey, especially along the southern slope of the Himalayas. A sharp dividing line between the Palearctic region and Oriental region in the QNNR occurs between 3,600-3,800 m a.s.l. with no transition zone.

Key words: Herptofauna, species diversity, Qomolangma National Nature Reserve

潘虎君, 杨道德, 覃海华, 张亮, 蒋珂, 胡慧建 (2013) 珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性及区系. 生物多样性, 21, 610-615. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.06045.

Hujun Pan,Daode Yang,Haihua Qin,Liang Zhang,Ke Jiang,Huijian Hu (2013) Herpetofauna of Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve in Tibet, China. Biodiversity Science, 21, 610-615. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.06045.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.06045

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2013/V21/I5/610

图/表 3

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物种名 Species	生态类型 Ecological types	分布海拔 Altitude (m)	发现地 Founds	分布型 Distribution	收录来源 Recorded resources	受胁等级 Threaten levels
一两栖纲AMPHIBIA
I 无尾目 ANURA
(一)角蟾科 Megophryidae
1．西藏齿突蟾 Scutiger boulengeri**	Aq	4,042-4,146	G、T、D	Hm	S	LC
2．锡金齿突蟾 S. sikkimmensis	Aq	DI	N	Ha	D	VU
3．张氏异角蟾 Xenophrys zhangi*	Aq	DI	N	Ha	D	VU
(二)蟾蜍科 Bufonidae
4. 喜山棱眶蟾 Duttaphrynus himalayanus**	Te	700-3,350	G、N	Ha	S	LC
(三)蛙科 Ranidae
5．湍蛙未定种 Amolops sp.	Aq	2,000-2010	G	Ha	D
(四)叉舌蛙科 Dicroglossidae
6．高山倭蛙 Nanorana parkeri**	Aq	3,806-4,611	G	Pd	S	VU
7．波留宁棘蛙 Paa polunini	Aq	2,610-2,990	N	Ha	S	LC
8．棘臂蛙 P. liebigii	Aq	1,500-3,500	G、N	Ha	S	VU
9．棘蛙未定种 Paa sp.	Aq	3,060-3,420	G	Ha	S
二爬行纲 REPTILIA II 有鳞目SQUAMATA
ⅰ 蜥蜴亚目 LACERTIFORMES
(一)鬛蜥科 Agamidae
1. 喜山攀蜥 Japalura kumaonenesis	Ar	2,210-3,000	G、N	Ha	S	-
2. 南亚岩蜥 Laudakia tuberculata**	Te	2,000-2,300	G、N	Ph	S	-
3. 西藏沙蜥 Phrynocephalus theobaldi*	Te	4,000-4,540	G、T、N	Hd	S	LC
(二)石龙子科 Scincidae
4. 喜山滑蜥 Scincella himalayana	Te	2,000-2,550	G、N	Ha	S	-
ⅱ 蛇亚目 SERPENTIFORMES
(三)游蛇科 Coluburidae
5. 南峰晨蛇 Orthriophis hodgsonii**	Te	2,120-2,800	G	Ha	S	-
6. 平头腹链蛇 Amphiesma platyceps**	Se	2,500	N	Ha	S	-
7. 小头坭蛇 Trachischium tenuiceps	Te	DI	N	He	D	-
8. 腹链蛇未定种 Amphiesma sp.	Se	2,300	G	Ha	S	-
(四)蝰科 Viperidae
9. 西藏竹叶青 Trimeresurus tibetanus	Ar	2,800-3,000	N	Ha	S	LC
10. 山烙铁头蛇 Ovophis monticola ^	Te	DI	N	Wc	I	LC
11. 喜山原矛头蝮 Protobothrops himalayanus	Te	2,060-2,706	G	Ha	S	LC

物种名 Species	生态类型 Ecological types	分布海拔 Altitude (m)	发现地 Founds	分布型 Distribution	收录来源 Recorded resources	受胁等级 Threaten levels
一两栖纲AMPHIBIA
I 无尾目 ANURA
(一)角蟾科 Megophryidae
1．西藏齿突蟾 Scutiger boulengeri**	Aq	4,042-4,146	G、T、D	Hm	S	LC
2．锡金齿突蟾 S. sikkimmensis	Aq	DI	N	Ha	D	VU
3．张氏异角蟾 Xenophrys zhangi*	Aq	DI	N	Ha	D	VU
(二)蟾蜍科 Bufonidae
4. 喜山棱眶蟾 Duttaphrynus himalayanus**	Te	700-3,350	G、N	Ha	S	LC
(三)蛙科 Ranidae
5．湍蛙未定种 Amolops sp.	Aq	2,000-2010	G	Ha	D
(四)叉舌蛙科 Dicroglossidae
6．高山倭蛙 Nanorana parkeri**	Aq	3,806-4,611	G	Pd	S	VU
7．波留宁棘蛙 Paa polunini	Aq	2,610-2,990	N	Ha	S	LC
8．棘臂蛙 P. liebigii	Aq	1,500-3,500	G、N	Ha	S	VU
9．棘蛙未定种 Paa sp.	Aq	3,060-3,420	G	Ha	S
二爬行纲 REPTILIA II 有鳞目SQUAMATA
ⅰ 蜥蜴亚目 LACERTIFORMES
(一)鬛蜥科 Agamidae
1. 喜山攀蜥 Japalura kumaonenesis	Ar	2,210-3,000	G、N	Ha	S	-
2. 南亚岩蜥 Laudakia tuberculata**	Te	2,000-2,300	G、N	Ph	S	-
3. 西藏沙蜥 Phrynocephalus theobaldi*	Te	4,000-4,540	G、T、N	Hd	S	LC
(二)石龙子科 Scincidae
4. 喜山滑蜥 Scincella himalayana	Te	2,000-2,550	G、N	Ha	S	-
ⅱ 蛇亚目 SERPENTIFORMES
(三)游蛇科 Coluburidae
5. 南峰晨蛇 Orthriophis hodgsonii**	Te	2,120-2,800	G	Ha	S	-
6. 平头腹链蛇 Amphiesma platyceps**	Se	2,500	N	Ha	S	-
7. 小头坭蛇 Trachischium tenuiceps	Te	DI	N	He	D	-
8. 腹链蛇未定种 Amphiesma sp.	Se	2,300	G	Ha	S	-
(四)蝰科 Viperidae
9. 西藏竹叶青 Trimeresurus tibetanus	Ar	2,800-3,000	N	Ha	S	LC
10. 山烙铁头蛇 Ovophis monticola ^	Te	DI	N	Wc	I	LC
11. 喜山原矛头蝮 Protobothrops himalayanus	Te	2,060-2,706	G	Ha	S	LC

样线号 Transects	起点 Starting point	终点 Ending point	海拔下界 Lower altitude (m)	海拔上界 Upper altitude (m)	调查时间
QNNR-001	28.7638 E, 85.3094 N	28.7635 E, 85.3268 N	4,003	4,090	2012.8
QNNR-002	28.8290 E, 85.2877 N	28.8336 E, 85.2778 N	4,042	4,097	2012.8
QNNR-003	28.8431 E, 85.3061 N	28.8414 E, 85.3111 N	4,093	4,146	2012.8
QNNR-004	28.8770 E, 85.3107 N	28.8899 E, 85.2356 N	4,203	4,297	2012.8
QNNR-005	28.8872 E, 85.2440 N	28.8907 E, 85.2401 N	4,239	4,300	2012.8
QNNR-006	28.9000 E, 85.3322 N	28.9060 E, 85.3459 N	4,300	4,402	2012.8
QNNR-007	28.9071 E, 85.3327 N	28.9174 E, 85.3394 N	4,314	4,372	2012.8
QNNR-008	28.8926 E, 85.1590 N	28.8997 E, 85.1663 N	4,431	4,611	2012.8
QNNR-009	28.9076 E, 85.3541 N	28.9030 E, 85.3485 N	4,435	4,542	2012.8
QNNR-010	28.8836 E, 85.1435 N	28.8816 E, 85.1297 N	4,515	4,553	2012.8
QNNR-011	28.9005 E, 85.4767 N	28.8934 E, 85.4878 N	4,886	4,950	2012.5
QNNR-012	28.8672 E, 85.0814 N	28.8674 E, 85.0703 N	5,011	5,088	2012.8
QNNR-013	28.9390 E, 85.4090 N	28.9391 E, 85.3966 N	5,221	5,366	2012.5
QNNR-014	28.2860 E, 85.3598 N	28.2828 E, 85.3758 N	1,836	1,933	2012.9
QNNR-015	28.2805 E, 85.3774 N	28.2878 E, 85.3911 N	1,843	1,930	2012.9
QNNR-016	28.3090 E, 85.3401 N	28.3049 E, 85.3469 N	1,948	2,427	2012.9
QNNR-017	28.2952 E, 85.3965 N	28.3059 E, 85.4080 N	1,989	2,098	2012.9
QNNR-018	28.3188 E, 85.3396 N	28.3246 E, 85.3410 N	2,060	2,173	2012.9
QNNR-019	28.3117 E, 85.3464 N	28.3240 E, 85.3418 N	2,084	2,166	2012.9
QNNR-020	28.3016 E, 85.3539 N	28.3547 E, 85.3602 N	2,286	2,455	2012.9
QNNR-021	28.3179 E, 85.3321 N	28.3096 E, 85.3395 N	2,399	2,471	2012.9
QNNR-022	28.3118 E, 85.3335 N	28.3086 E, 85.3400 N	2,440	2,617	2012.6
QNNR-023	28.3826 E, 85.3498 N	28.3745 E, 85.3531 N	2,682	2,748	2012.8
QNNR-024	28.3709 E, 85.3209 N	28.3662 E, 85.3323 N	2,743	2,773	2012.5
QNNR-025	28.3810 E, 85.3500 N	28.3816 E, 85.3543 N	2,762	2,734	2012.8
QNNR-026	28.3944 E, 85.3284 N	28.3776 E, 85.3270 N	2,783	2,798	2012.8
QNNR-027	28.4087 E, 85.2975 N	28.4058 E, 85.3021 N	2,791	2,890	2012.8
QNNR-028	28.3983 E, 85.3129 N	28.4003 E, 85.3265 N	2,827	2,957	2012.5
QNNR-029	28.3872 E, 85.3340 N	28.3910 E, 85.3389 N	2,829	2,895	2012.5
QNNR-030	28.4055 E, 85.3011 N	28.3987 E, 85.3004 N	2,863	2,910	2012.8
QNNR-031	28.4299 E, 85.2635 N	28.4400 E, 85.2558 N	2,992	3,047	2012.8
QNNR-032	28.4474 E, 85.2466 N	28.4505 E, 85.2331 N	2,998	3,072	2012.8
QNNR-033	28.4574 E, 85.2240 N	28.4560 E, 85.2099 N	3,128	3,246	2012.8
QNNR-034	28.3974 E, 85.3755 N	28.3967 E, 85.3886 N	3,210	3,368	2012.8
QNNR-035	28.4054 E, 85.3411 N	28.4004 E, 85.3442 N	3,295	3,325	2012.8
QNNR-036	28.5048 E, 85.2201 N	28.5115 E, 85.2191 N	3,336	3,411	2012.8
QNNR-037	28.4182 E, 85.3567 N	28.4239 E, 85.3601 N	3,367	3,499	2012.8
QNNR-038	28.5226 E, 85.2161 N	28.5319 E, 85.2175 N	3,398	3,454	2012.5
QNNR-039	28.4178 E, 85.3405 N	28.4247 E, 85.3377 N	3,417	3,673	2012.8
QNNR-040	28.5358 E, 85.2134 N	28.5380 E, 85.2091 N	3,458	3,641	2012.5
QNNR-041	28.4040 E, 85.3879 N	28.4036 E, 85.3945 N	3,597	3,780	2012.8
QNNR-042	28.5625 E, 85.2506 N	28.5640 E, 85.2645 N	3,624	3,928	2012.5,
QNNR-043	28.5804 E, 85.2551 N	28.5693 E, 85.2493 N	3,631	3,757	2012.8
QNNR-044	28.5801 E, 85.2580 N	28.5792 E, 85.2601 N	3,651	3,825	2012.8
QNNR-045	28.5807 E, 85.2541 N	28.5810 E, 85.2449 N	3,800	3,946	2012.8
QNNR-046	28.6459 E, 85.2740 N	28.6587 E, 85.2849 N	3,806	3,906	2012.8
QNNR-047	28.6001 E, 85.2622 N	28.6029 E, 85.2752 N	3,819	3,932	2012.8
附表I (续) Appendix I (continued)
样线号 Transects	起点 Starting point	终点 Ending point	海拔下界 Lower altitude (m)	海拔上界 Upper altitude (m)	调查时间
QNNR-048	28.4033 E, 85.3954 N	28.3999 E, 85.4008 N	3,823	3,939	2012.8
QNNR-049	28.6689 E, 85.2807 N	28.6739 E, 85.2646 N	3,845	3,929	2012.8
QNNR-050	28.7632 E, 85.5736 N	28.7689 E, 85.5762 N	4,589	4,595	2011.5
QNNR-051	28.7612 E, 85.7906 N	28.7677 E, 85.7955 N	4,628	4,634	2011.5
QNNR-052	28.8005 E, 85.8480 N	28.8050 E, 85.8545 N	4,641	4,657	2011.5
QNNR-053	28.7069 E, 85.8593 N	28.7108 E, 85.8596 N	4,646	4,655	2011.5
QNNR-054	28.8870 E, 85.6481 N	28.8958 E, 85.6540 N	4,647	4,681	2011.5
QNNR-055	28.8397 E, 85.6874 N	28.8384 E, 85.6915 N	4,649	4,761	2011.5
QNNR-056	28.7611 E, 85.8440 N	28.7579 E, 85.8585 N	4,650	4,674	2011.5
QNNR-057	28.6602 E, 85.8931 N	28.6705 E, 85.8782 N	4,661	4,677	2011.5
QNNR-058	27.9872 E, 85.9827 N	27.9792 E, 85.9748 N	2,184	2,264	2011.5
QNNR-059	27.9510 E, 85.9663 N	27.9389 E, 85.9671 N	2,340	2,440	2011.7
QNNR-060	28.0048 E, 85.9764 N	28.0175 E. 85.9808 N	2,443	2,704	2011.5
QNNR-061	27.9930 E, 85.9855 N	27.9951 E, 85.9920 N	2,471	2,700	2011.5
QNNR-062	27.9433 E, 85.9745 N	27.9481 E, 85.9760 N	2,579	2,910	2011.7
QNNR-063	27.9572 E, 85.9751 N	27.9504 E, 85.9782 N	2,582	2,687	2011.5
QNNR-064	28.0271 E, 85.9843 N	28.3043 E, 85.9872 N	2,641	2,840	2011.5
QNNR-065	27.9598 E, 85.9820 N	27.9620 E, 85.9889 N	2,658	3,,275	2011.7
QNNR-066	27.9399 E, 85.9762 N	27.9349 E, 85.9808 N	2,843	2,975	2011.7
QNNR-067	27.9446 E, 85.9808 N	27.9446 E, 85.9897 N	2,912	3,146	2011.5
QNNR-068	27.9524 E, 86.0031 N	27.9472 E, 85.9911 N	3,167	3,562	2011.7
QNNR-069	28.0795 E, 85.9886 N	28.0820 E, 85.9797 N	3,175	3,639	2011.5
QNNR-070	27.9610 E, 86.0040 N	27.9614 E, 86.0108 N	3,339	3,618	2011.7
QNNR-071	27.9571 E, 86.0066 N	27.9584 E, 86.0121 N	3,502	3,699	2011.7
QNNR-072	28.4055 E, 86.1135 N	28.4137 E, 86.1195 N	4,380	4,404	2011.5
QNNR-073	28.8829 E, 86.4134 N	28.8991 E, 86.4055 N	4,391	4,398	2011.5
QNNR-074	28.9113 E, 86.3648 N	28.9103 E, 86.3797 N	4,414	4,426	2011.5
QNNR-075	28.9246 E, 86.3722 N	28.9399 E, 86.3727 N	4,419	4,428	2011.5
QNNR-076	28.6031 E, 86.6701 N	28.6074 E, 86.6732 N	4,311	4,322	2010.10
QNNR-077	28.5916 E, 86.6075 N	28.5983 E, 86.6054 N	4,319	4,328	2010.10
QNNR-078	28.6057 E, 86.5655 N	28.6019 E, 86.5790 N	4,322	4,333	2010.10
QNNR-079	28.5549 E, 86.6105 N	28.5618 E, 86.6087 N	4,339	4,352	2010.10
QNNR-080	28.5381 E, 86.6144 N	28.5254 E, 86.6199 N	4,360	4,380	2010.10
QNNR-081	28.4637 E, 86.6234 N	28.4792 E, 86.6220 N	4,467	4,499	2010.10
QNNR-082	28.3587 E, 86.6249 N	28.3462 E, 86.6311 N	4,848	4,916	2010.10
QNNR-083	28.2721 E, 86.5973 N	28.2886 E, 86.6030 N	4,878	4,902	2010.10
QNNR-084	28.0332 E, 86.2878 N	28.0354 E, 86.2942 N	2,989	3,049	2010.10
QNNR-085	28.0391 E, 86.3043 N	28.0422 E, 86.3190 N	3,120	3,190	2010.10
QNNR-086	28.0431 E, 86.3212 N	28.0320 E, 86.3278 N	3,206	3,515	2010.10
QNNR-087	28.0641 E, 86.3441 N	28.0687 E, 86.3573 N	3,491	3,584	2010.10
QNNR-088	28.1425 E, 86.4103 N	28.1407 E, 86.4158 N	3,975	4,081	2010.10
QNNR-089	28.1812 E, 86.4664 N	28.1813 E, 86.4768 N	4,511	4,722	2010.10
QNNR-090	28.2103 E, 86.5587 N	28.2130 E, 85.5661 N	5,214	5,373	2010.10
QNNR-091	27.8557 E, 87.4286 N	27.8500 E, 87.4318 N	2,224	2,284	2010.10
QNNR-092	27.8657 E, 87.4204 N	27.8628 E, 87.4236 N	2,236	2,276	2010.10
QNNR-093	27.8706 E, 87.4151 N	27.8613 E, 87.4228 N	2,245	2,504	2010.10
QNNR-094	27.8645 E, 87.4082 N	27.8639 E, 87.4018 N	2,380	2,478	2010.10
QNNR-095	27.8481 E, 87.4400 N	27.8577 E, 87.4471 N	2,467	2,562	2010.10
QNNR-096	27.8570 E, 87.3825 N	27.8585 E, 87.3798 N	2,486	2,576	2010.10
QNNR-097	27.9135 E, 87.5350 N	27.9178 E, 87.5341 N	3,917	4,045	2010.10
QNNR-098	27.9103 E, 87.6456 N	27.8999 E, 87.6693 N	4,445	4,511	2010.10
QNNR-099	27.9119 E, 87.6694 N	27.8981 E, 87.6693 N	4,459	4,510	2010.10
QNNR-100	28.3641 E, 87.7827 N	28.3721 E, 87.7905 N	4,192	4,198	2010.10
QNNR-101	28.3520 E, 87.7807 N	28.3458 E, 87.7800 N	4,193	4,215	2010.10
QNNR-102	28.3349 E, 87.7792 N	28.3233 E, 87.7716 N	4,200	4,265	2010.10

样线号 Transects	起点 Starting point	终点 Ending point	海拔下界 Lower altitude (m)	海拔上界 Upper altitude (m)	调查时间
QNNR-001	28.7638 E, 85.3094 N	28.7635 E, 85.3268 N	4,003	4,090	2012.8
QNNR-002	28.8290 E, 85.2877 N	28.8336 E, 85.2778 N	4,042	4,097	2012.8
QNNR-003	28.8431 E, 85.3061 N	28.8414 E, 85.3111 N	4,093	4,146	2012.8
QNNR-004	28.8770 E, 85.3107 N	28.8899 E, 85.2356 N	4,203	4,297	2012.8
QNNR-005	28.8872 E, 85.2440 N	28.8907 E, 85.2401 N	4,239	4,300	2012.8
QNNR-006	28.9000 E, 85.3322 N	28.9060 E, 85.3459 N	4,300	4,402	2012.8
QNNR-007	28.9071 E, 85.3327 N	28.9174 E, 85.3394 N	4,314	4,372	2012.8
QNNR-008	28.8926 E, 85.1590 N	28.8997 E, 85.1663 N	4,431	4,611	2012.8
QNNR-009	28.9076 E, 85.3541 N	28.9030 E, 85.3485 N	4,435	4,542	2012.8
QNNR-010	28.8836 E, 85.1435 N	28.8816 E, 85.1297 N	4,515	4,553	2012.8
QNNR-011	28.9005 E, 85.4767 N	28.8934 E, 85.4878 N	4,886	4,950	2012.5
QNNR-012	28.8672 E, 85.0814 N	28.8674 E, 85.0703 N	5,011	5,088	2012.8
QNNR-013	28.9390 E, 85.4090 N	28.9391 E, 85.3966 N	5,221	5,366	2012.5
QNNR-014	28.2860 E, 85.3598 N	28.2828 E, 85.3758 N	1,836	1,933	2012.9
QNNR-015	28.2805 E, 85.3774 N	28.2878 E, 85.3911 N	1,843	1,930	2012.9
QNNR-016	28.3090 E, 85.3401 N	28.3049 E, 85.3469 N	1,948	2,427	2012.9
QNNR-017	28.2952 E, 85.3965 N	28.3059 E, 85.4080 N	1,989	2,098	2012.9
QNNR-018	28.3188 E, 85.3396 N	28.3246 E, 85.3410 N	2,060	2,173	2012.9
QNNR-019	28.3117 E, 85.3464 N	28.3240 E, 85.3418 N	2,084	2,166	2012.9
QNNR-020	28.3016 E, 85.3539 N	28.3547 E, 85.3602 N	2,286	2,455	2012.9
QNNR-021	28.3179 E, 85.3321 N	28.3096 E, 85.3395 N	2,399	2,471	2012.9
QNNR-022	28.3118 E, 85.3335 N	28.3086 E, 85.3400 N	2,440	2,617	2012.6
QNNR-023	28.3826 E, 85.3498 N	28.3745 E, 85.3531 N	2,682	2,748	2012.8
QNNR-024	28.3709 E, 85.3209 N	28.3662 E, 85.3323 N	2,743	2,773	2012.5
QNNR-025	28.3810 E, 85.3500 N	28.3816 E, 85.3543 N	2,762	2,734	2012.8
QNNR-026	28.3944 E, 85.3284 N	28.3776 E, 85.3270 N	2,783	2,798	2012.8
QNNR-027	28.4087 E, 85.2975 N	28.4058 E, 85.3021 N	2,791	2,890	2012.8
QNNR-028	28.3983 E, 85.3129 N	28.4003 E, 85.3265 N	2,827	2,957	2012.5
QNNR-029	28.3872 E, 85.3340 N	28.3910 E, 85.3389 N	2,829	2,895	2012.5
QNNR-030	28.4055 E, 85.3011 N	28.3987 E, 85.3004 N	2,863	2,910	2012.8
QNNR-031	28.4299 E, 85.2635 N	28.4400 E, 85.2558 N	2,992	3,047	2012.8
QNNR-032	28.4474 E, 85.2466 N	28.4505 E, 85.2331 N	2,998	3,072	2012.8
QNNR-033	28.4574 E, 85.2240 N	28.4560 E, 85.2099 N	3,128	3,246	2012.8
QNNR-034	28.3974 E, 85.3755 N	28.3967 E, 85.3886 N	3,210	3,368	2012.8
QNNR-035	28.4054 E, 85.3411 N	28.4004 E, 85.3442 N	3,295	3,325	2012.8
QNNR-036	28.5048 E, 85.2201 N	28.5115 E, 85.2191 N	3,336	3,411	2012.8
QNNR-037	28.4182 E, 85.3567 N	28.4239 E, 85.3601 N	3,367	3,499	2012.8
QNNR-038	28.5226 E, 85.2161 N	28.5319 E, 85.2175 N	3,398	3,454	2012.5
QNNR-039	28.4178 E, 85.3405 N	28.4247 E, 85.3377 N	3,417	3,673	2012.8
QNNR-040	28.5358 E, 85.2134 N	28.5380 E, 85.2091 N	3,458	3,641	2012.5
QNNR-041	28.4040 E, 85.3879 N	28.4036 E, 85.3945 N	3,597	3,780	2012.8
QNNR-042	28.5625 E, 85.2506 N	28.5640 E, 85.2645 N	3,624	3,928	2012.5,
QNNR-043	28.5804 E, 85.2551 N	28.5693 E, 85.2493 N	3,631	3,757	2012.8
QNNR-044	28.5801 E, 85.2580 N	28.5792 E, 85.2601 N	3,651	3,825	2012.8
QNNR-045	28.5807 E, 85.2541 N	28.5810 E, 85.2449 N	3,800	3,946	2012.8
QNNR-046	28.6459 E, 85.2740 N	28.6587 E, 85.2849 N	3,806	3,906	2012.8
QNNR-047	28.6001 E, 85.2622 N	28.6029 E, 85.2752 N	3,819	3,932	2012.8
附表I (续) Appendix I (continued)
样线号 Transects	起点 Starting point	终点 Ending point	海拔下界 Lower altitude (m)	海拔上界 Upper altitude (m)	调查时间
QNNR-048	28.4033 E, 85.3954 N	28.3999 E, 85.4008 N	3,823	3,939	2012.8
QNNR-049	28.6689 E, 85.2807 N	28.6739 E, 85.2646 N	3,845	3,929	2012.8
QNNR-050	28.7632 E, 85.5736 N	28.7689 E, 85.5762 N	4,589	4,595	2011.5
QNNR-051	28.7612 E, 85.7906 N	28.7677 E, 85.7955 N	4,628	4,634	2011.5
QNNR-052	28.8005 E, 85.8480 N	28.8050 E, 85.8545 N	4,641	4,657	2011.5
QNNR-053	28.7069 E, 85.8593 N	28.7108 E, 85.8596 N	4,646	4,655	2011.5
QNNR-054	28.8870 E, 85.6481 N	28.8958 E, 85.6540 N	4,647	4,681	2011.5
QNNR-055	28.8397 E, 85.6874 N	28.8384 E, 85.6915 N	4,649	4,761	2011.5
QNNR-056	28.7611 E, 85.8440 N	28.7579 E, 85.8585 N	4,650	4,674	2011.5
QNNR-057	28.6602 E, 85.8931 N	28.6705 E, 85.8782 N	4,661	4,677	2011.5
QNNR-058	27.9872 E, 85.9827 N	27.9792 E, 85.9748 N	2,184	2,264	2011.5
QNNR-059	27.9510 E, 85.9663 N	27.9389 E, 85.9671 N	2,340	2,440	2011.7
QNNR-060	28.0048 E, 85.9764 N	28.0175 E. 85.9808 N	2,443	2,704	2011.5
QNNR-061	27.9930 E, 85.9855 N	27.9951 E, 85.9920 N	2,471	2,700	2011.5
QNNR-062	27.9433 E, 85.9745 N	27.9481 E, 85.9760 N	2,579	2,910	2011.7
QNNR-063	27.9572 E, 85.9751 N	27.9504 E, 85.9782 N	2,582	2,687	2011.5
QNNR-064	28.0271 E, 85.9843 N	28.3043 E, 85.9872 N	2,641	2,840	2011.5
QNNR-065	27.9598 E, 85.9820 N	27.9620 E, 85.9889 N	2,658	3,,275	2011.7
QNNR-066	27.9399 E, 85.9762 N	27.9349 E, 85.9808 N	2,843	2,975	2011.7
QNNR-067	27.9446 E, 85.9808 N	27.9446 E, 85.9897 N	2,912	3,146	2011.5
QNNR-068	27.9524 E, 86.0031 N	27.9472 E, 85.9911 N	3,167	3,562	2011.7
QNNR-069	28.0795 E, 85.9886 N	28.0820 E, 85.9797 N	3,175	3,639	2011.5
QNNR-070	27.9610 E, 86.0040 N	27.9614 E, 86.0108 N	3,339	3,618	2011.7
QNNR-071	27.9571 E, 86.0066 N	27.9584 E, 86.0121 N	3,502	3,699	2011.7
QNNR-072	28.4055 E, 86.1135 N	28.4137 E, 86.1195 N	4,380	4,404	2011.5
QNNR-073	28.8829 E, 86.4134 N	28.8991 E, 86.4055 N	4,391	4,398	2011.5
QNNR-074	28.9113 E, 86.3648 N	28.9103 E, 86.3797 N	4,414	4,426	2011.5
QNNR-075	28.9246 E, 86.3722 N	28.9399 E, 86.3727 N	4,419	4,428	2011.5
QNNR-076	28.6031 E, 86.6701 N	28.6074 E, 86.6732 N	4,311	4,322	2010.10
QNNR-077	28.5916 E, 86.6075 N	28.5983 E, 86.6054 N	4,319	4,328	2010.10
QNNR-078	28.6057 E, 86.5655 N	28.6019 E, 86.5790 N	4,322	4,333	2010.10
QNNR-079	28.5549 E, 86.6105 N	28.5618 E, 86.6087 N	4,339	4,352	2010.10
QNNR-080	28.5381 E, 86.6144 N	28.5254 E, 86.6199 N	4,360	4,380	2010.10
QNNR-081	28.4637 E, 86.6234 N	28.4792 E, 86.6220 N	4,467	4,499	2010.10
QNNR-082	28.3587 E, 86.6249 N	28.3462 E, 86.6311 N	4,848	4,916	2010.10
QNNR-083	28.2721 E, 86.5973 N	28.2886 E, 86.6030 N	4,878	4,902	2010.10
QNNR-084	28.0332 E, 86.2878 N	28.0354 E, 86.2942 N	2,989	3,049	2010.10
QNNR-085	28.0391 E, 86.3043 N	28.0422 E, 86.3190 N	3,120	3,190	2010.10
QNNR-086	28.0431 E, 86.3212 N	28.0320 E, 86.3278 N	3,206	3,515	2010.10
QNNR-087	28.0641 E, 86.3441 N	28.0687 E, 86.3573 N	3,491	3,584	2010.10
QNNR-088	28.1425 E, 86.4103 N	28.1407 E, 86.4158 N	3,975	4,081	2010.10
QNNR-089	28.1812 E, 86.4664 N	28.1813 E, 86.4768 N	4,511	4,722	2010.10
QNNR-090	28.2103 E, 86.5587 N	28.2130 E, 85.5661 N	5,214	5,373	2010.10
QNNR-091	27.8557 E, 87.4286 N	27.8500 E, 87.4318 N	2,224	2,284	2010.10
QNNR-092	27.8657 E, 87.4204 N	27.8628 E, 87.4236 N	2,236	2,276	2010.10
QNNR-093	27.8706 E, 87.4151 N	27.8613 E, 87.4228 N	2,245	2,504	2010.10
QNNR-094	27.8645 E, 87.4082 N	27.8639 E, 87.4018 N	2,380	2,478	2010.10
QNNR-095	27.8481 E, 87.4400 N	27.8577 E, 87.4471 N	2,467	2,562	2010.10
QNNR-096	27.8570 E, 87.3825 N	27.8585 E, 87.3798 N	2,486	2,576	2010.10
QNNR-097	27.9135 E, 87.5350 N	27.9178 E, 87.5341 N	3,917	4,045	2010.10
QNNR-098	27.9103 E, 87.6456 N	27.8999 E, 87.6693 N	4,445	4,511	2010.10
QNNR-099	27.9119 E, 87.6694 N	27.8981 E, 87.6693 N	4,459	4,510	2010.10
QNNR-100	28.3641 E, 87.7827 N	28.3721 E, 87.7905 N	4,192	4,198	2010.10
QNNR-101	28.3520 E, 87.7807 N	28.3458 E, 87.7800 N	4,193	4,215	2010.10
QNNR-102	28.3349 E, 87.7792 N	28.3233 E, 87.7716 N	4,200	4,265	2010.10

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珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性及区系

Herpetofauna of Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve in Tibet, China

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