生物多样性 ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 334-342.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09030

所属专题: 土壤生物与土壤健康

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不同稻作年限下土壤微生物学性质和线虫群落特征的变化

刘雨迪1, 陈小云1, 刘满强1,*(), 秦江涛2, 李辉信1, 胡锋1   

  1. 1 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院土壤生态实验室, 南京 210095
    2 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008
  • 收稿日期:2013-01-30 接受日期:2013-03-28 出版日期:2013-05-20 发布日期:2013-06-05
  • 通讯作者: 刘满强
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(30900210)、中央高校基本科研业务费(KYZ201207)和江苏高校优势学科建设工程(PAPD)

Changes in soil microbial properties and nematode assemblage over time during rice cultivation

Yudi Liu1, Xiaoyun Chen1, Manqiang Liu1,*(), Jiangtao Qin2, Huixin Li1, Feng Hu1   

  1. 1 Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095
    2 Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008
  • Received:2013-01-30 Accepted:2013-03-28 Online:2013-05-20 Published:2013-06-05
  • Contact: Liu Manqiang

摘要:

红壤地区旱地改水田后随稻作年限的增加土壤性质会发生改变, 但缺乏对百年尺度内土壤动物群落特征变化的了解。本研究选取了旱改水后1 yr、10 yr、20 yr、50 yr和100 yr五个时序的田块, 研究了稻作土壤微生物学性质及线虫群落特征的变化。结果表明, 随着稻作年限的延长, 土壤微生物生物量碳氮、基础呼吸、矿质氮、速效磷、线虫数量及线虫属数均随稻作时间增长而逐渐上升, 在50 yr均达到显著水平(P<0.05), 在50-100 yr变化渐缓或有所下降。线虫群落中植食者的比例显著上升(P<0.05), 捕食/杂食者的比例有所下降但差异不显著。线虫通道指数也随稻作年限的增加而逐渐增长(P<0.05), 表明土壤食物网结构趋向于细菌通道。稻作年限对线虫群落成熟度指数和结构指数的影响并不一致。总之, 土壤微生物学性质和线虫群落在旱改水50 yr时土壤各项性质均达到较高水平, 随稻作年限的继续延长呈现稳定趋势。

关键词: 稻田, 耕作年限, 土壤微生物学性质, 线虫群落

Abstract

The properties of red soil may change over time when paddy fields are developed on what was previously dry land. The effect of rice cultivation duration on soil invertebrates is unknown. Five chronosequences of rice cultivation (1, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years) were selected to investigate the temporal changes of soil microbiological properties and nematode assemblages. The results showed that soil microbial properties (microbial biomass C, microbial biomass N, basal respiration), nutrient availability (mineral N and P), nematode abundance and richness of nematode genera generally increased with the duration of rice cultivation. Notably, most soil measurements peaked after 50 years of cultivation (P<0.05) and decreased slightly after 100 years. As the period of rice cultivation increased, the proportion of nematode herbivores rose significantly (P< 0.05), while that of predators/omnivores slightly declined. Nematode Channel Ratio (NCR) also increased with cultivation duration (P< 0.05), indicating that the bacterial energy channel was more dominant in old rice fields when compared to those cultivated for a shorter period. Other ecological indices of nematode assemblage such as maturity index and structure index, did not reveal consistent trends with an increased period of rice cultivation. In summary, a change in land use from dry land to paddy fields promotes soil microbial properties and nematode assemblages in the first few decades, which then become stable after 50 years of cultivation.

Key words: rice paddy, cultivation duration, soil microbiolgical property, nematode assemblage