生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (4): 414-422.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09001

所属专题: 保护生物学: 现状和挑战

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚种群密度和数量

初红军1, 蒋志刚2,*(), 葛炎3, 蒋峰3, 陶永善3, 王臣4   

  1. 1 新疆阿勒泰地区野生动植物保护办公室, 新疆阿勒泰地区林业局, 阿勒泰 836500
    2 中国科学院动物研究所动物生态与保护生物学重点实验室, 北京 100101
    3 新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站, 阿勒泰 836500
    4 新疆普氏野马繁殖研究中心, 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 收稿日期:2009-01-06 接受日期:2009-05-28 出版日期:2009-07-20 发布日期:2009-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 蒋志刚
  • 作者简介:*E-mail: jiangzg@ioz.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    新疆自治区科技攻关和重点科技项目“中国阿尔泰山及其南部荒漠有蹄类多样性现状与保护研究”(200433116);中国重要生物物种资源监测和保育关键技术与应用示范项目(2008BAC39B04);国家林业局野生动植物保护司

Population densities and number of khulan and goitred gazelle in Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve

Hongjun Chu1, Zhigang Jiang2,*(), Yan Ge3, Feng Jiang3, Yongshan Tao3, Chen Wang4   

  1. 1 Wildlife Conservation Office of Altay Prefecture, Forestry Bureau of Altay Prefecture, Altay, Xinjiang 836500
    2 Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
    3 Altay Management Station of Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Altay, Xinjiang 836500
    4 Xinjiang Research Center for Breeding Przewalski’s Horse, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000
  • Received:2009-01-06 Accepted:2009-05-28 Online:2009-07-20 Published:2009-07-20
  • Contact: Zhigang Jiang

摘要:

2006年9月至2007年12月, 在卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区采用截线取样法调查了蒙古野驴(Equus hemionus)和鹅喉羚(Gazella subgutturosa sairensis)的种群密度。蒙古野驴野外调查样线总长6,696.4 km, 发现7,758 匹蒙古野驴; 鹅喉羚样线总长8,428.84 km, 发现8,586头鹅喉羚。采用Distance 5.0估算了蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚的密度和遇见率。从春季到秋季, 蒙古野驴遇见率在0.058-0.092匹/km之间变化, 而鹅喉羚遇见率则在0.096-0.342头/ km之间变化。春季蒙古野驴种群密度为0.55 ± 0.20 匹/km 2 (平均数 ± 标准差,下同), 夏季为0.60 ± 0.13 匹/km 2, 秋季为0.78 ± 0.19匹/km 2和冬季为0.54 ± 0.14 匹/km 2。蒙古野驴适宜栖息面积5,800 km2。春季到冬季, 蒙古野驴种群数量在3,379到5,318匹之间变化。鹅喉羚春季、夏季、秋季和冬季种群密度分别为1.14 ± 0.18头/km 2, 0.95 ± 0.12头/km 2, 1.08 ± 0.18头/km 2和1.54 ± 0.31头/km 2。该保护区的鹅喉羚冬季和春季适宜栖息面积均为10,000 km2, 夏季为12,000 km2, 秋季为15,000 km2。估算该区域春季鹅喉羚数量为14,286头, 夏季为6,628头, 秋季为8,337头, 冬季为19,677头。本研究的结果将为卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区蒙古野驴和鹅喉羚长期监测提供基础数据。

关键词: 截线取样法, 荒漠, Equus hemionus, Gazella subgutturosa sairensis

Abstract

From September 2006 to December 2007, we surveyed population densities of khulan (Equus hemionus) and goitred gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa sairensis) in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve using the distance sampling method. Total length of the transect lines for investigating khulan was 6,696.4 km, altogether, we recorded 7,758 khulan. Total length of the transect lines for investigating goitred gazelle was 8,428.84 km, and we recorded 8,586 goitred gazelles. We estimated the density and encounter rates of khulan and goitred gazelle with the interactive computer program Distance 5.0. From spring to autumn, the encounter rate (the number of observed individuals/km) of khulan varied between 0.058-0.092 individuals/km, whereas that of goitred gazelle varied between 0.096-0.342 individuals/km. Suitable habitat for khulan in Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve was 5,800 km2, we estimated population densities of khulan as 0.55 ± 0.20 individuals/km 2 in spring, 0.60 ± 0.13 individuals/km 2 in summer, 0.78 ± 0.19 individuals/ km 2 in autumn, and 0.54 ± 0.14 individuals/ km 2 in winter in the survey area, respectively. There were 3,379 khulan in spring, 3,965 khulan in summer, 5,318 khulan in autumn, and 3,829 khulan in winter, respectively. Suitable habitat for goitred gazelle were 10,000 km2in spring and winter, 12,000 km2 in summer, and 15,000 km2in autumn. We estimated the population densities of goitred gazelle as 1.14 ± 0.18 individuals/km 2 in spring, 0.95 ± 0.12 individuals/km 2 in summer, 1.08 ± 0.18 individuals/km 2 in autumn, and 1.54 ± 0.31 individuals/km 2 in winter, respectively. We calculated the numbers of goitred gazelle as 14,286 in spring, 6,628 in summer, 8,337 in autumn, and 19,677 in winter. We gave recommendation of using the survey transects and survey data as baseline data for long-term monitoring on klulan and goitred gazelle in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve.

Key words: line transect sampling, desert, khulan, goitred gazelle