生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (3): 226-232.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08217

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

海南北黎湾和后水湾湿地水鸟的季节动态、物种丰富度和种间相关性

杨灿朝1,2, 蔡燕1, 梁伟1,*(), 张国钢3, 史海涛1   

  1. 1 海南师范大学生命科学学院, 海口 571158
    2 中山大学生命科学学院, 广州 510275
    3 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所, 国家林业局森林保护学重点实验室, 北京 100091
  • 收稿日期:2008-08-28 接受日期:2008-12-31 出版日期:2009-05-20 发布日期:2009-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 梁伟
  • 作者简介:*E-mail: liangwei@hainnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中山大学有害生物控制与资源利用国家重点实验室开放课题(SKLBC0704);国家林业局保护司黑脸琵鹭保护专项和世界自然基金会(WWF)中国野生动物保护小额基金项目(CN0861.01)

Waterbirds diversity, seasonal dynamics, and interspecific correlation in the wetlands of Beili and Houshui Bays, Hainan

Canchao Yang1,2, Yan Cai1, Wei Liang1,*(), Guogang Zhang3, Haitao Shi1   

  1. 1 College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158
    2 School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275
    3 Research Institute of Forest Ecology and Environment Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091
  • Received:2008-08-28 Accepted:2008-12-31 Online:2009-05-20 Published:2009-05-20
  • Contact: Wei Liang

摘要:

2004年11月至2005年11月, 采用逐月定点统计的方法, 对海南北黎湾和后水湾两个湿地黑脸琵鹭(Platalea minor)的越冬种群和水鸟的季节动态进行了调查。共记录到水鸟50种, 隶属于5目10科, 首次发现海南新记录种半蹼鹬(Limnodromus semipalmatus)。两地水鸟种类和数量的最高峰均发生在11月, 最低谷在次年6月, 与湿地水鸟的全年变化相关。黑脸琵鹭的越冬种群最早到达海南为9月, 离开时间为次年4月, 数量最高峰在北黎湾为12月(75只), 在后水湾为1月和2月(9只)。北黎湾水鸟的Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数和最大多样性值均大于后水湾, 湿地面积大小及其生境的多样性是两地水鸟丰富度差异的主要原因, 而人为干扰强度可能是影响黑脸琵鹭对两地越冬地利用的重要因素。研究表明, 北黎湾和后水湾是许多水鸟, 尤其是黑脸琵鹭在海南的重要越冬地, 需进一步加强监测和保护。

关键词: 水鸟, 物种丰富度, 季节动态, 黑脸琵鹭, 北黎湾, 后水湾, 海南

Abstract

We conducted monthly waterbird surveys using random transects in Beili and Houshui Bays, Hainan Island from November 2004 to November 2005. Fifty waterbird species of 5 orders and 10 families were recorded. The waterbird species richness and abundance were the highest in November and the lowest in June. The abundance of waterbirds was correlated among species and affected seasonal dynamics and species richness. Asian dowitcher (Limnodromus semipalmatus) was recorded for the first time in Hainan Island. The endangered black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) occurred at the study sites from September to April. The highest number (75) of this species was observed in Beili Bay in December while the largest flock (9 individuals) was present in Houshui Bay in January and February. The Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were higher in Beili Bay than in Houshui Bay. Differences in area and habitat heterogeneity between the two sites probably affected observed variation of waterbird community structure. Human disturbance might be an important factor altering wintering habitat of black-faced spoonbill. The results suggest that Beili and Houshui Bays are important wintering site of many waterbirds, particularly black-faced spoonbill; long-term monitoring and conservation programs should be considered.

Key words: waterbirds, species richness, diversity, seasonal dynamics, black-faced spoonbill, Beili Bay, Houshui Bay, Hainan