生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (6): 774-778.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.05067

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新时期我国湿地自然保护区需解决的主要问题及相关建议

黄心一1, 陈家宽2,1,*()   

  1. 1 复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所, 上海 200433
    2 南昌大学生命科学研究院流域生态学研究所, 南昌 330031
  • 收稿日期:2012-03-01 接受日期:2012-07-11 出版日期:2012-11-20 发布日期:2013-01-04
  • 通讯作者: 陈家宽
  • 作者简介:* E-mail: jkchen@fudan.edu.cn

Problems facing wetland nature reserves in China in the new era and recommendations for overcoming them

Xinyi Huang1, Jiakuan Chen2,1,*()   

  1. 1 Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
    2 Institute of Watershed Ecology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031
  • Received:2012-03-01 Accepted:2012-07-11 Online:2012-11-20 Published:2013-01-04
  • Contact: Jiakuan Chen

摘要:

近20年, 在“抢救性保护”的理念下, 我国自然保护区的数量和面积迅速增加。目前, 保护区的发展急需进入注重保护成效的新时期, 而这样的转型能否成功, 取决于管理中的科学决策和正确途径。要做到科学的决策和管理, 必须首先厘清自然保护区面临的问题。受《中国国家级湿地自然保护区保护成效初步评估》一文(科学通报, 57, 1-24)的启示, 我们在大量文献调研和充分的实地考察的基础上, 指出了我国湿地自然保护区发展中需解决的4个主要问题: (1)每个保护区具体保护对象的动态及管理的针对性; (2)保护对象完成生活史、维持种群稳定发展所需的地理空间及保护区网络的建设; (3)流域水文特征变化对湿地生态系统的影响及应对策略; (4)湿地自然保护与社会经济发展的相互关系与协调发展模式。相应地, 针对转型时期我国湿地自然保护区所面临的发展需要, 我们提出以下5条建议: (1)下一轮自然保护区科学考察应聚焦于保护区内保护对象的动态, 并由此制定出针对性的管理措施和明确的管理规程; (2)开始研究并建立以流域为范围, 着眼于湿地生物多样性空间分布和流域水文管理的保护区协同管理网络; (3)不断完善湿地自然保护区管理的评估和跟踪监测机制; (4)加强湿地自然保护区的基础研究及保护区与科研院所的战略合作; (5)完善湿地保护的法律体系。最后, 我们认为我国应当加大自然保护区科学研究的力度, 为新时期湿地自然保护区发展的科学决策和科学管理提供更加丰富和完善的理论依据。

关键词: 中国湿地自然保护区, 新时期, 自然保护, 保护地管理

Abstract

Over the last 20 years, the amount and area of nature reserves in China have been increasing rapidly under the concept of “rescue protection”. At present, it is urgent that the development of reserves moves into a new era in which effectiveness of protection is focused, and the success of the transformation depends on scientific decision-making and proper management approaches. To achieve scientific decision-making and management, existing problems facing nature reserves need to be ascertained first. Inspired by the article “Protection efficacy of national wetland reserves in China” (Chinese Science Bulletin, 57, 1-24), and based on reviewing available literature and sufficient field surveys, we point out the main four topics facing the development of wetland nature reserves in China. These topics include, dynamic of protected wildlife or ecosystems of every nature reserve and pertinence of management; necessary geographic space for life cycle completion, population maintenance of specific protected species, and the construction of reserve networks; impact of hydrological features changing on wetland ecosystems and corresponding coping strategies; and the interrelationships between wetland conservation and social-economic development and coordinated development patterns. According to the analysis of these problems, we put forth the following recommendations for wetland reserves: (1) the next round of scientific investigation should focus on the dynamic of protected objects, and investigate and formulate targeted management strategies; (2) collaborative management networks at watershed scale should be established in the perspective of spatial distribution of biodiversity and hydrological management; (3) a system of management assessment and tracking of wetland reserves should be constantly improved; (4) fundamental research of wetland reserves and the cooperation between reserves and research institutes should be enhanced; (5) a comprehensive law should be promulgated and legal system should be improved for wetland conservation. Lastly, we suggest that efforts be made in the research field of nature reserves, and thus provide enriched theoretical foundation for scientific decision-making and management of wetland reserves.

Key words: Chinese wetland nature reserves, new era, nature conservation, management of protected area