高原鼠兔洞穴数量与其栖息地植被分布格局的GIS分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08080

生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (1): 71-78. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08080

所属专题：青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全

高原鼠兔洞穴数量与其栖息地植被分布格局的GIS分析

马波¹, 王小明¹^,³, 刘晓庆¹, 王正寰¹^,²^,^*()

1 华东师范大学生命科学学院, 上海 200062
2 华东师范大学上海市城市化过程与生态恢复重点实验室, 上海 200062
3 上海科技馆, 上海 200127

收稿日期:2010-04-03 接受日期:2010-09-26 出版日期:2011-01-20 发布日期:2011-04-01
通讯作者: 王正寰
作者简介:*E-mail: zhwang@bio.ecnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(30870308);国家自然科学基金(31071944);上海市教育发展基金会晨光计划(2007CG31);上海市青年科技启明星计划(10QA1402200)

GIS analysis of the spatial relationship between plateau pika burrow distribution and vegetation distributional patterns

Bo Ma¹, Xiaoming Wang¹^,³, Xiaoqing Liu¹, Zhenghuan Wang¹^,²^,^*()

1 School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062
2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Urbanization & Ecological Restoration, Shanghai 200062
3 Shanghai Science & Technology Museum, Shanghai 200127

Received:2010-04-03 Accepted:2010-09-26 Online:2011-01-20 Published:2011-04-01
Contact: Zhenghuan Wang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)是青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统的关键种, 其生境利用特征对高寒草甸植被保护的影响一直是重要的研究内容。我们于2008年9月在四川省石渠县云波沟面积为44 km²的研究区域内进行了高原鼠兔有效洞穴数量样线调查。该地区一直以来放牧压力较小, 2006年起执行国家西部退牧还草政策后, 放牧完全停止。调查期间共完成样线7条, 总长度19 km, 获得取样单元2,423个。根据中巴资源2号卫星2008年9月18日拍摄的遥感图像计算并提取研究区域归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI)数据。利用石渠县地形数字地图建立数字高程模型计算坡度。用Bonferroni z 检验比较取样单元内鼠兔洞穴数量与NDVI以及洞穴数量与坡度间的相互关系发现: NDVI值较低区间(0.1-0.3)内鼠兔洞穴数量显著低于理论预期值, 中等NDVI值区间(0.3-0.4)内鼠兔洞穴的数量与理论值没有显著差异, 而NDVI值较高区间(0.4-0.6)内, 鼠兔洞穴的数量显著高于理论预期。回归分析结果表明: NDVI与洞穴数有显著正相关的线性回归关系 y = 16.50 x+ 0.87(R²= 0.78,P<0.001); 鼠兔有效洞穴数量和坡度没有显著的线性关系(R²= 0.04, P = 0.441)。因此, 我们认为在无家畜竞争的自然环境中, 栖息地植被的质量是影响高原鼠兔空间分布的重要因素。高原鼠兔有选择地利用植被较好的生境而避免使用植被过度退化的生境, 这种利用方式在客观上防止了栖息地植被的过度破坏。

关键词: 高原鼠兔, 洞穴, 栖息地, 高山草甸, NDVI

Abstract

The plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is a keystone species in alpine meadow ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, ecological studies of the relationship between plateau pika habitat use and the stability of alpine meadows are important. However, little information is available about large-scale spatial relationships between plateau pika habitat use and vegetation distribution. Therefore, we studied this topic using Geographic Information System (GIS) analyses. The number and position of active plateau pika burrows were sampled along seven line transects totaling 2,423 sampling units, 19 km in length, in a 44 km² study area in Yunbo Gou, Shiqu County, Sichuan Province during September 2008. Historically, domestic livestock grazing and other human activities were rare in this area. A no-grazing policy has been in effect since 2006, thereby removing livestock competition in the study area. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values within the study area were extracted from a CBERS-02 remote sensing image taken September 18th, 2008. A digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area was established based on a digitized topographical map of Shiqu County, and slope values within the study area were subsequently extracted using the DEM. NDVI and slope values were compared with the number of plateau pika burrows in each sampling unit. A Bonferroni z test revealed that numbers of pika burrows were lower than expected in units with low NDVI values (NDVI of 0.1-0.3), not different than expected in middle NDVI groups (0.3-0.4), and higher than expected in high NDVI groups (0.4-0.6). A linear regression model found a significant positive correlation between NDVI value and pika burrow count (y = 16.50 x + 0.87; R² = 0.78, P < 0.001). In contrast, no linear relationship was detected between slope and pika burrow number (linear regression, R²= 0.04, P = 0.441). This study showed that plateau pikas use areas with higher vegetation coverage more than areas with lower vegetation coverage in the absence of livestock competition. Our results lend some support to the conclusion that the pika’s natural use of vegetation does not accelerate the destruction of the alpine meadow vegetation in this region.

Key words: plateau pika, burrow, habitat, alpine meadow, NDVI

马波, 王小明, 刘晓庆, 王正寰 (2011) 高原鼠兔洞穴数量与其栖息地植被分布格局的GIS分析. 生物多样性, 19, 71-78. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08080.

Bo Ma, Xiaoming Wang, Xiaoqing Liu, Zhenghuan Wang (2011) GIS analysis of the spatial relationship between plateau pika burrow distribution and vegetation distributional patterns. Biodiversity Science, 19, 71-78. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08080.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08080

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2011/V19/I1/71

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参考文献 39

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NDVI分级 NDVI groups	NDVI均值 Mean value of each NDVI group (± SD)	像元数 Number of pixels	各级像元所占比率 Percentage of pixels in each group (%)
0.1-0.2	0.164 ± 0.029	3,166	2.8
0.2-0.3	0.266 ± 0.025	19,978	17.4
0.3-0.4	0.353 ± 0.029	47,482	41.4
0.4-0.5	0.440 ± 0.024	43,305	37.8
0.5-0.6	0.510 ± 0.079	639	0.6
总数 Total	0.366 ± 0.076	114,570	100

NDVI分级 NDVI groups	NDVI均值 Mean value of each NDVI group (± SD)	像元数 Number of pixels	各级像元所占比率 Percentage of pixels in each group (%)
0.1-0.2	0.164 ± 0.029	3,166	2.8
0.2-0.3	0.266 ± 0.025	19,978	17.4
0.3-0.4	0.353 ± 0.029	47,482	41.4
0.4-0.5	0.440 ± 0.024	43,305	37.8
0.5-0.6	0.510 ± 0.079	639	0.6
总数 Total	0.366 ± 0.076	114,570	100

NDVI分级 NDVI group	取样单元数 Number of sampling units	理论比例 Theoretical proportion (P_t)^a	洞穴数观测值 Observed burrow number	洞穴数期望值 Expected burrow number ^b	洞穴数观测值比例 Proportion of observed burrow number in each group (P_o)^c	洞穴数观测值比例Bonferroni95%置信区间 95% Bonferroni intervals of P_o	显著性 Significance
0.1-0.2	43	0.018	180	293	0.011	0.009 ≤ P_o≤ 0.012	–
0.2-0.3	324	0.134	1,672	2,207	0.101	0.095 ≤ P_o≤ 0.107	–
0.3-0.4	1,082	0.446	7,246	7,372	0.439	0.429 ≤ P_o≤ 0.449	0
0.4-0.5	962	0.397	7,273	6,554	0.441	0.441 ≤ P_o≤ 0.449	+
0.5-0.6	12	0.005	137	82	0.008	0.006 ≤ P_o≤ 0.010	+
总数 Total	2,423		16,508

NDVI分级 NDVI group	取样单元数 Number of sampling units	理论比例 Theoretical proportion (P_t)^a	洞穴数观测值 Observed burrow number	洞穴数期望值 Expected burrow number ^b	洞穴数观测值比例 Proportion of observed burrow number in each group (P_o)^c	洞穴数观测值比例Bonferroni95%置信区间 95% Bonferroni intervals of P_o	显著性 Significance
0.1-0.2	43	0.018	180	293	0.011	0.009 ≤ P_o≤ 0.012	–
0.2-0.3	324	0.134	1,672	2,207	0.101	0.095 ≤ P_o≤ 0.107	–
0.3-0.4	1,082	0.446	7,246	7,372	0.439	0.429 ≤ P_o≤ 0.449	0
0.4-0.5	962	0.397	7,273	6,554	0.441	0.441 ≤ P_o≤ 0.449	+
0.5-0.6	12	0.005	137	82	0.008	0.006 ≤ P_o≤ 0.010	+
总数 Total	2,423		16,508

高原鼠兔洞穴数量与其栖息地植被分布格局的GIS分析

GIS analysis of the spatial relationship between plateau pika burrow distribution and vegetation distributional patterns

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