生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (1): 120-123.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.04238

• 生物编目 • 上一篇    

怒江河谷低海拔地区残存原生植被中兰科植物多样性

金效华(), 向小果, 陈彬   

  1. 中国科学院植物研究所, 北京 100093
  • 收稿日期:2010-09-27 接受日期:2010-11-10 出版日期:2011-01-20 发布日期:2011-04-01
  • 通讯作者: 金效华
  • 作者简介:*E-mail: xiaohuajin@ibcas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技基础平台工作重点项目——植物标本标准化整理、整合及共享平台建设(2005DKA21401);重庆南山植物园项目

Biodiversity of orchids in remnant native forests in Nujiang Valley, Yunnan Province, China

Xiaohua Jin(), Xiaoguo Xiang, Bin Chen   

  1. Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
  • Received:2010-09-27 Accepted:2010-11-10 Online:2011-01-20 Published:2011-04-01
  • Contact: Xiaohua Jin

摘要:

为了解怒江河谷低海拔地区的生物多样性, 我们以兰科植物为例, 对怒江河谷贡山和福贡段海拔1,600 m以下的4片残留原生植被中的兰科植物多样性和受威胁状况进行了调查。通过4次野外路线法考察和相关的室内标本研究, 发现这些残存的森林中兰科植物多样性非常丰富, 目前已记录33个属60种兰科植物, 其中附生兰为42种, 地生兰为18种。在已鉴定的物种中, 一种毛兰属植物(Eria sp.)为中国新记录种或新种, 疣花三角兰(Trias verrucosa)为怒江河谷特有, 洛氏羊耳蒜(Liparis rockii)为怒江河谷和独龙江河谷所特有, 杓兰属一种(Cypripedium sp.)、盆距兰(Gastrochilus calceolaris)、羽唇兰(Ornitochilus difformis)、带叶兰(Taeniophyllum glandulosum)、匙萼卷瓣兰(Bulbophyllum spathulatum)、短穗竹茎兰(Tropidia curculigoides)、卵叶火烧兰(Epipactis royleana)等为本区域新记录种。这些兰科植物面临的主要威胁为生境破碎化、生境质量下降和生境丧失。我们建议尽快开展该地区生物多样性调查和濒危状况评估, 并制定和实施有效的保护措施。

关键词: 横断山地区, 怒江河谷, 生物多样性, 残留原生植被, 兰科植物, 保护措施

Abstract

The biodiversity of low elevation portions of Nujiang Valley has largely been ignored. Here, we illustrate the biodiversity richness of this region using the orchid flora as an example. We investigated orchid species diversity in remnant forests at four sites below 1,600 m elevation along the Nujiang River. In total, at least 60 species in 33 genera were recorded at these four sites, including one species (Eria sp.) that is either undescribed or new to the Chinese flora, two locally endemic species (Trias verrucosa and Liparis rockii), and seven species not previously recorded in this region, i.e. Cypripedium sp., Gastrochilus calceolaris, Ornitochilus difformis, Taeniophyllum glandulosum, Bulbophyllum spathulatum, Tropidia curculigoides, and Epipactis royleana. Major threats to these orchids include habitat fragmentation and loss. Our results highlight the urgent need for field surveys of this region’s biodiversity. We present strategies to conserve biodiversity in this region.

Key words: biodiversity, conservation strategy, Hengduan Mountains, Nujiang River, orchid diversity, remnant primary forest