生物多样性 ›› 2009, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (6): 549-559. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09144
所属专题: 群落中的物种多样性:格局与机制
收稿日期:
2009-06-04
接受日期:
2009-11-16
出版日期:
2009-11-20
发布日期:
2009-11-20
通讯作者:
唐志尧
作者简介:
*E-mail: zytang@urban.pku.edu.cn基金资助:
Zhiyao Tang*(), Xiujuan Qiao, Jingyun Fang
Received:
2009-06-04
Accepted:
2009-11-16
Online:
2009-11-20
Published:
2009-11-20
Contact:
Zhiyao Tang
摘要:
种—面积关系主要探讨物种数量随面积扩大而变化的规律, 它联系不同尺度的生物多样性, 是生物多样性尺度转换的重要依据。利用种—面积关系可以估算群落或区域的物种数量、评价区域生物多样性的丧失。由于构建方式、尺度效应以及区域差异, 种—面积关系的具体形式及其普适性还存在争议。本文主要从构建、尺度效应、区域分异以及与种—多度分布的联系等方面综述种—面积关系的主要进展, 并探讨它在不同方面的适用性。最后给出了利用基于组合样方系列构建的种—面积关系来估算秦岭山地物种数的实例, 结果表明估算精度良好。
唐志尧, 乔秀娟, 方精云 (2009) 生物群落的种—面积关系. 生物多样性, 17, 549-559. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09144.
Zhiyao Tang, Xiujuan Qiao, Jingyun Fang (2009) Species-area relationship in biological communities. Biodiversity Science, 17, 549-559. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.09144.
图1 构建种—面积关系的3种主要方式。A和a分别为巢式样方及其对应的种—面积关系; B和b分别为组合样方及其对应的种—面积关系; C和c分别为隔离生境及其对应的种—面积关系(c)。根据Scheiner(2003)修改。
Fig. 1 Three types of species-area relationships. A, B, C, represent nested plots, quadrates combination, and isolated patches, respectively; and a, b, c, represent the corresponding species-area curves (revised from Scheiner, 2003).
图2 北美东南部1,472个巢式样方(0.01-1,000 m2)幂函数种—面积关系斜率(z值)的频率分布, 分段间隔为0.015, 垂直虚线为斜率的均值(0.372), 实线(0.217, 0.538)为95%置信区间(Fridley et al., 2005)。
Fig. 2 The frequency distribution of slopes of species-area relationship for 1,472 nested plots in southwest North America. The dashed line represents the mean slope (0.372), the solid lines (0.217, 0.538) are the threshold with 95% confidence (Fridley et al., 2005).
图3 不同尺度的种—面积关系及主要影响因素。在双对数坐标轴上, 随着取样面积的增加, 幂函数种—面积关系表现出3个阶段: 在小尺度(调查面积AP远小于物种平均分布范围AR), 斜率(z值)较大; 在中尺度(AP小于AR), 斜率较小; 而在大尺度(AP大于AR), 斜率又开始增加(修订自Allen & White, 2003)。
Fig. 3 Species-area relationship and main factors influencing the slopes at different scales. The power-law species area relationship showed three phases: large z-values at micro-scale (with plot area, AP, much smaller than the mean range size, AR); small z-values at the meso-scale (AP smaller than AR), and large z-values at the macro-scale (AP larger than AR) (revised from Allen & White, 2003).
图4 秦岭山脉不同山体种—面积关系。A:太白山; B:牛背梁; C:小陇山头二三滩自然保护区; D: 秦岭山脉。横坐标为以样方数表示的面积(样方面积600 m2)。
Fig. 4 Species-area relationships of different mountains in the Qinling Mountains. The x axis shows area indicated as no. of plots (each with an area of 600 m2).
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