云南西双版纳地区羽叶金合欢的遗传多样性研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07312

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

羽叶金合欢(Acacia pennata)是一种重要的经济植物。本研究使用微卫星(SSR)分子标记技术对分布于云南西双版纳地区的7个羽叶金合欢自然居群进行了遗传多样性和居群遗传结构的研究, 旨在从分子水平探讨其自然居群的遗传多样性, 制定科学的保护策略, 为今后的持续利用提供科学依据。我们用筛选出的6对SSR引物对采自7个自然居群的124个个体进行了扩增, 共检测到23个等位基因。平均观察等位基因数(N_a)为3.381, 有效等位基因数(N_e)为2.460, 平均期望杂合度(H_e)为0.573, Nei’s多样性指数(h)为0.567。其中景洪居群具有较高的遗传多样性, 曼腊居群遗传多样性相对较低。遗传分化系数F_ST仅为0.113。结果表明羽叶金合欢的自然居群具有较高的遗传多样性水平, 居群间分化较小, 遗传变异主要来源于居群内。羽叶金合欢为多年生植物, 分布范围广泛, 这可能是其具有较高水平遗传多样性的原因; 同时其繁育系统可能为异交, 种子可远距离传播, 这些特性也可能导致其较高的遗传多样性水平和较低的居群遗传分化。我们建议在对羽叶金合欢进行迁地保护时, 要在遗传多样性较高的居群内进行大量取样, 同时也要对不同居群进行取样。

关键词: Acacia pennata, SSR, 遗传多样性, 遗传分化

Abstract

Acacia pennata is an economically important plant that is used for timber and food by the local people in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of natural populations and present a scientific framework for the conservation and utilization of A. pennata. We estimated the genetic diversity and genetic structure of seven natural populations in Xishuangbanna using SSR techniques. A relatively high level of genetic diversity was detected in A. pennata using six polymorphic microsatellite loci. Based on six primers, 23 alleles were detected. Average (N_a) and effective (N_e) number of alleles were 3.381 and 2.460, respectively. The mean expected heterozygosity (H_e) was 0.573 and Nei’s diversity index (h) was 0.567. The highest genetic diversity was found in Jinghong population, while the lowest was found in Manla population. The majority of genetic variation occurred within populations and could have resulted from low genetic differentiation (F_ST = 0.113). Acacia pennata is a perennial species with a wide distribution; these characteristics could account for the relatively high genetic diversity we observed. Furthermore, this species has an outcrossing breeding system and its seeds are widely dispersed, a situation amenable to high genetic diversity and low levels of genetic differentiation among populations. Therefore, we should focus on sampling more individuals from populations with higher genetic diversity and sampling different populations forex-situ conservation of A. pennata.

Key words: Acacia pennata, SSR, genetic diversity, genetic differentiation

高洁, 李巧明 (2008) 云南西双版纳地区羽叶金合欢的遗传多样性研究. 生物多样性, 16, 271-278. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07312.

Jie Gao, Qiaoming Li (2008) Genetic diversity of natural populations of Acacia pennatain Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. Biodiversity Science, 16, 271-278. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07312.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.07312

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2008/V16/I3/271

图/表 7

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居群代号 Population code	采样地 Origin	经纬度 Location	样本量 Sample size	生境 Habitat	伴生种 Companion species
大渡岗DDG	景洪市大渡岗 Dadugang, Jinghong City	100.91° E 22.50° N	17	山脚、沟谷 Mountain foot, ravine forest	绒毛番龙眼 Pometia tomentosa 千果榄仁 Terminalia myriocarpa
大勐龙DML	勐海县大勐龙 Damenglong, Menghai County	100.50° E 21.50° N	20	沟谷林 Ravine forest	番龙眼 P. pinnata 油朴 Celtis wighetii 轮叶戟 Lasiococca comberi var.pseudoverticillata
普文 PW	景洪市普文 Puwen, Jinghong City	101.38° E 22.55° N	15	沟谷林 Ravine forest	毛麻楝 Chukrasia tabularis var. velutina, 油朴Celtis wighetii
景洪 JH	景洪市勐罕 Menghan, Jinghong City	100.78° E 21.93° N	18	沟谷林、低山 Ravine forest, hill	番龙眼 P. pinnata 油朴 Celtis wighetii 轮叶戟 Lasiococca comberi var.pseudoverticillata
勐仑 MDJ	勐腊县勐仑 Menglun, Mengla County	101.25° E 21.91° N	20	石灰山、山脚Limestone forest, mountain foot	尖叶闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus 轮叶戟 Lasiococca comberi var. pseudoverticillata
勐腊 BB	勐腊县补蚌 Bubeng, Mengla County	101.63° E 21.53° N	17	河边、沟谷林 River bank, ravine forest	云南厚壳桂 Cryptocarya yunnanensis 白颜树 Gironniera subaequalis
曼腊 ML	勐腊县曼腊 Manla, Mengla County	101.50° E 22.21° N	17	低中山坡、沟谷林Mountain slope, ravine forest	长果木棉 Bombax insigne 一担柴 Colona floribunda 翅果刺桐 Erythrina subumbrans
总计 Total			124

居群代号 Population code	采样地 Origin	经纬度 Location	样本量 Sample size	生境 Habitat	伴生种 Companion species
大渡岗DDG	景洪市大渡岗 Dadugang, Jinghong City	100.91° E 22.50° N	17	山脚、沟谷 Mountain foot, ravine forest	绒毛番龙眼 Pometia tomentosa 千果榄仁 Terminalia myriocarpa
大勐龙DML	勐海县大勐龙 Damenglong, Menghai County	100.50° E 21.50° N	20	沟谷林 Ravine forest	番龙眼 P. pinnata 油朴 Celtis wighetii 轮叶戟 Lasiococca comberi var.pseudoverticillata
普文 PW	景洪市普文 Puwen, Jinghong City	101.38° E 22.55° N	15	沟谷林 Ravine forest	毛麻楝 Chukrasia tabularis var. velutina, 油朴Celtis wighetii
景洪 JH	景洪市勐罕 Menghan, Jinghong City	100.78° E 21.93° N	18	沟谷林、低山 Ravine forest, hill	番龙眼 P. pinnata 油朴 Celtis wighetii 轮叶戟 Lasiococca comberi var.pseudoverticillata
勐仑 MDJ	勐腊县勐仑 Menglun, Mengla County	101.25° E 21.91° N	20	石灰山、山脚Limestone forest, mountain foot	尖叶闭花木 Cleistanthus sumatranus 轮叶戟 Lasiococca comberi var. pseudoverticillata
勐腊 BB	勐腊县补蚌 Bubeng, Mengla County	101.63° E 21.53° N	17	河边、沟谷林 River bank, ravine forest	云南厚壳桂 Cryptocarya yunnanensis 白颜树 Gironniera subaequalis
曼腊 ML	勐腊县曼腊 Manla, Mengla County	101.50° E 22.21° N	17	低中山坡、沟谷林Mountain slope, ravine forest	长果木棉 Bombax insigne 一担柴 Colona floribunda 翅果刺桐 Erythrina subumbrans
总计 Total			124

引物 Primer	引物序列(5′-3′) Sequence	退火温度 Annealing temperature (℃)	原始编号 Original code	引物来源 Source	参考文献 References
P4	GTCGCGTACACAGACACAGT GGCGCACCTCTCTCTCTCT	50	Am367	Acacia mangium	Butcher et al.(2000)
P5	GGCGCAACTCTCTCTCTCT TTGGTCACTTAGCGCATGCC	48	Am429	A. mangium	Butcher et al.(2000)
P9	GAGGTAATATTTTGAATTCCTTGAAC GGTGTATACCTCTTTCCTGTGG	48	AH08	A. mangium A. auriculiformis	Ng et al.(2005)
P11	CGCAACTCCATCTGATTTACTG TTATGTTGGGTTAATACGCTAACTG	46	AH18	A. mangium A. auriculiformis	Ng et al.(2005)
P13	GTGAAGGCTCTCTCTCTCT GGAGATGGATAGAGATGGCC	48	Ab22	A. brevispica	Otero-Arnaiz et al.(2005)
P18	GTCGCGTACACAGACACAGT GGCGCACCTCTCTCTCTCT	50	AH37	A. mangium A. auriculiformis	Ng et al.(2005)

引物 Primer	引物序列(5′-3′) Sequence	退火温度 Annealing temperature (℃)	原始编号 Original code	引物来源 Source	参考文献 References
P4	GTCGCGTACACAGACACAGT GGCGCACCTCTCTCTCTCT	50	Am367	Acacia mangium	Butcher et al.(2000)
P5	GGCGCAACTCTCTCTCTCT TTGGTCACTTAGCGCATGCC	48	Am429	A. mangium	Butcher et al.(2000)
P9	GAGGTAATATTTTGAATTCCTTGAAC GGTGTATACCTCTTTCCTGTGG	48	AH08	A. mangium A. auriculiformis	Ng et al.(2005)
P11	CGCAACTCCATCTGATTTACTG TTATGTTGGGTTAATACGCTAACTG	46	AH18	A. mangium A. auriculiformis	Ng et al.(2005)
P13	GTGAAGGCTCTCTCTCTCT GGAGATGGATAGAGATGGCC	48	Ab22	A. brevispica	Otero-Arnaiz et al.(2005)
P18	GTCGCGTACACAGACACAGT GGCGCACCTCTCTCTCTCT	50	AH37	A. mangium A. auriculiformis	Ng et al.(2005)

基因座 Locus	样本量 Sample size	观察等位基因数N_a	有效等位基因数N_e	Nei’s基因多样性h	观察杂合度 H_o	期望杂合度 H_e	近交系数 F_IS	基因分化系数F_ST
P4	124	5.286	3.113	0.787	0.431	0.643	0.331	0.182
P5	124	3.714	2.705	0.739	0.460	0.610	0.246	0.175
P9	124	3.000	2.478	0.643	0.518	0.592	0.125	0.079
P11	124	2.000	1.877	0.485	0.449	0.466	0.036	0.039
P13	124	3.286	2.251	0.578	0.528	0.602	-0.140	0.086
P18	124	3.000	2.336	0.632	0.509	0.560	0.091	0.114
平均 Mean	124	3.381	2.460	0.644	0.483	0.573	0.115	0.113