中国淡水蟹分类与分布名录(十足目: 拟地蟹科, 溪蟹科)

doi:10.17520/biods.2018062

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国是世界上淡水蟹物种多样性最高的国家。然而, 迄今为止还没有一个系统的、涵盖全国范围的淡水蟹分类和分布名录。本文收集了涉及中国淡水蟹分类和分布的文献, 采用国际上更新的短尾下目淡水蟹类高级阶元分类系统, 通过系统梳理, 汇编成中国淡水蟹分类与分布名录。该名录共收录了截至2018年1月记述的所有中国淡水蟹类, 共计2科45属311种。其中, 拟地蟹科(Gecarcinucidae Rathbun, 1904) 1属28种; 溪蟹科(Potamidae Ortmann, 1896) 44属283种及亚种; 中国特有属共计38属, 占总数的84%; 特有种共计302种, 占97%。对各省淡水蟹的分布分析发现, 云南是中国淡水蟹物种多样性最丰富的省份, 已记述16属50种; 其次为台湾(4属41种)。本名录首次全面概括了中国淡水蟹类的分类和分布, 可为深入开展全国范围的淡水蟹类生物多样性保护提供科学依据。

关键词: 淡水蟹, 分类, 多样性, 特有, 名录

Abstract

China has the highest species-richness of freshwater crabs in the world. However, due to the recent and rapid discoveries of freshwater crab species in China there is currently no systematic checklist for classification. Here we present for the first time a checklist of all freshwater crab species found in China that follows the latest classification of Brachyura by Ng et al (2008). The checklist is based on the most recent taxonomic literature and provides updated distributions for each species. There are 311 species of Chinese freshwater crabs in 45 genera and two families. The Potamidae Ortmann, 1896, includes 44 genera and 283 species and subspecies, while the Gecarcinucidae Rathbun, 1904, includes one genus and 28 species. The degree of endemism was found to be high, with 302 species and subspecies (97%), and 38 genera (84%) that are found only in China. The highest species diversity occurs in Yunnan Province (16 genera and 50 species), followed by Taiwan (4 genera and 41 species). The checklist provides a baseline for further studies of the freshwater crabs of China and will be a particularly important reference point for future conservation projects.

Key words: freshwater crab, classification, diversity, endemic, checklist

楚克林, 马晓萍, 张泽伟, 王鹏飞, 吕琳娜, 赵强, 孙红英 (2018) 中国淡水蟹分类与分布名录(十足目: 拟地蟹科, 溪蟹科). 生物多样性, 26, 274-282. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018062.

Chu Kelin, Ma Xiaoping, Zhang Zewei, Wang Pengfei, Lü Linna, Zhao Qiang, Sun Hongying (2018) A checklist for the classification and distribution of China’s freshwater crabs. Biodiversity Science, 26, 274-282. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018062.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2018062

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2018/V26/I3/274

图/表 2

参考文献 37

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	拟地蟹科Gecarcinucidae	溪蟹科 Potamidae	合计 Total
	属/种数 No. of genus/ species	属/种数 No. of genus/ species	科/属/种数 No. of family/ genus/species
云南 Yunnan	1/2	15/48	2/16/50
台湾 Taiwan	1/1	3/40	2/4/41
广西 Guangxi	1/7	12/30	2/13/37
福建 Fujian	1/3	5/31	2/6/34
江西 Jiangxi	1/6	3/27	2/4/33
湖北 Hubei		4/30	1/4/30
贵州 Guizhou		13/29	1/13/29
广东 Guangdong	1/3	8/17	2/9/20
湖南 Hunan		4/25	1/4/25
四川 Sichuan		5/21	1/5/21
海南 Hainan	1/4	3/10	2/4/14
重庆 Chongqing		3/12	1/3/12
浙江 Zhejiang		3/10	1/3/10
河南 Henan		2/9	1/2/9
安徽 Anhui		1/7	1/1/7
香港 Hongkong	1/2	2/3	2/3/5
陕西 Shaanxi		2/5	1/2/5
河北 Hebei		1/3	1/1/3
山西 Shanxi		1/3	1/1/3
甘肃 Gansu		1/2	1/1/2
江苏 Jiangsu		1/2	1/1/2
澳门 Macao		1/1	1/1/1
山东 Shandong		1/1	1/1/1
西藏 Xizang		1/1	1/1/1

	拟地蟹科Gecarcinucidae	溪蟹科 Potamidae	合计 Total
	属/种数 No. of genus/ species	属/种数 No. of genus/ species	科/属/种数 No. of family/ genus/species
云南 Yunnan	1/2	15/48	2/16/50
台湾 Taiwan	1/1	3/40	2/4/41
广西 Guangxi	1/7	12/30	2/13/37
福建 Fujian	1/3	5/31	2/6/34
江西 Jiangxi	1/6	3/27	2/4/33
湖北 Hubei		4/30	1/4/30
贵州 Guizhou		13/29	1/13/29
广东 Guangdong	1/3	8/17	2/9/20
湖南 Hunan		4/25	1/4/25
四川 Sichuan		5/21	1/5/21
海南 Hainan	1/4	3/10	2/4/14
重庆 Chongqing		3/12	1/3/12
浙江 Zhejiang		3/10	1/3/10
河南 Henan		2/9	1/2/9
安徽 Anhui		1/7	1/1/7
香港 Hongkong	1/2	2/3	2/3/5
陕西 Shaanxi		2/5	1/2/5
河北 Hebei		1/3	1/1/3
山西 Shanxi		1/3	1/1/3
甘肃 Gansu		1/2	1/1/2
江苏 Jiangsu		1/2	1/1/2
澳门 Macao		1/1	1/1/1
山东 Shandong		1/1	1/1/1
西藏 Xizang		1/1	1/1/1