长期施肥对黑土大豆根瘤菌群体结构和多样性的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2014148

生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (1): 68-78. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014148

所属专题：土壤生物与土壤健康

• 研究报告: 微生物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

长期施肥对黑土大豆根瘤菌群体结构和多样性的影响

关大伟¹^,², 李力¹^,², 姜昕¹^,², 马鸣超¹^,², 曹凤明¹^,², 周宝库³, 李俊¹^,²^,^*()

1 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081
2 农业部微生物产品质量安全风险评估实验室, 北京 100081
3 黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所, 哈尔滨 150006

收稿日期:2014-07-10 接受日期:2014-12-30 出版日期:2015-01-20 发布日期:2015-05-04
通讯作者: 李俊
作者简介:E-mail: jli@caas.ac.cn
基金资助:
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助项目(CARS-04);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(ZD200813-02)

Influence of long-term fertilization on the community structure and diversity of soybean rhizobia in black soil

Dawei Guan¹^,², Li Li¹^,², Xin Jiang¹^,², Mingchao Ma¹^,², Fengming Cao¹^,², Baoku Zhou³, Jun Li¹^,²^,^*()

1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
2 Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Microbial Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081;
3 Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150006

Received:2014-07-10 Accepted:2014-12-30 Online:2015-01-20 Published:2015-05-04
Contact: Jun Li

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示长期施肥对黑土大豆根瘤菌群体结构和多样性的影响, 采用BOX-PCR、IGS-PCR-RFLP和16S rDNA基因序列分析法, 对分离自黑龙江省7种长期不同施肥处理的254株大豆根瘤菌进行了遗传多样性和系统发育分析, 结合土壤理化性质分析了大豆根瘤菌群体结构和多样性与土壤因子间的关系。7种处理分别为不施肥(CK)、有机肥(OM)、单施氮肥(N₁)、单施2倍氮肥(N₂)、氮肥+有机肥(N₁+OM)、氮肥磷肥混施(N₁P₁)和2倍氮肥磷肥混施(N₂P₂)。系统发育分析结果表明, 所有供试菌株均为慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium), 其中大部分菌株与日本慢生大豆根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium japonicum)相似性最高, 少部分菌株与辽宁慢生大豆根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium liaoningense)相似性最高。BOX-PCR聚类分析结果表明, 供试菌株在70%相似性水平上分为15个群, 在与施肥处理相关性分析中分为3个群体, 分别对应于不施化肥处理(CK和OM)、化学氮肥处理(N₁、N₂、N₁+OM)、氮肥磷肥处理(N₁P₁和N₂P₂)。典范对应分析结果表明, 土壤pH、速效氮和速效磷与根瘤菌群体结构相关性极显著(P=0.002, 0.004, 0.002)。不同施肥措施下大豆根瘤菌的多样性有明显差异: N₂P₂处理的丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener指数显著高于其他处理; OM处理的Simpson指数最高; N₁和N₂处理的3种多样性指数都显著低于其他处理。通径分析结果表明, pH、速效磷对多样性指数有较高的直接正效应; 速效氮通过pH的间接负效应影响多样性指数。本研究表明, 长期施用化肥改变了根瘤菌群体结构, 单施氮肥减少大豆根瘤菌多样性, 而氮肥磷肥混施则有助于提高大豆根瘤菌多样性。

关键词: 多样性指数, BOX-PCR, IGS-PCR-RFLP, 典型对应分析, 通径分析

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of long-term fertilization on the community structure and diversity of soybean rhizobia in black soil. BOX-PCR, IGS-PCR-RFLP and 16S rDNA gene sequencing methods were used to analyze the genetic diversity of the 254 soybean rhizobia isolated from 7 treatments at Heilongjiang Long-term Fertilization Experiment Station. The 7 treatments were as follows: no fertilization (CK), organic manure (OM), chemical nitrogen (N₁), double chemical nitrogen (N₂), chemical nitrogen-phosphorus (N₁P₁), double chemical nitrogen-phosphorus (N₂P₂), chemical nitrogen plus organic manure (N₁+OM). Soil properties were measured and analyzed to test for relationships with the community and diversity of soybean rhizobia. All of the tested rhizobia belonged to Bradyrhizobium, of which the majority were closely related to B. japonicum and the others closely to B. liaoningense. BOX-PCR fingerprints showed that the tested rhizobia could be divided into 15 groups at 70% similarity level. These groups clustered into 3 communities that correspond to no chemical fertilizer treatments (CK, OM), chemical nitrogen fertilizer treatments (N₁, N₂, N₁+OM), and chemical nitrogen-phosphorus treatments (N₁P₁, N₂P₂), respectively. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that pH, available N, and available P of the soil were significantly correlated with the community of rhizobia (P=0.002, 0.004, 0.002, respectively). Soybean rhizobia diversity indices varied significantly among fertilization treatments. Shannon-Wiener and species richness index were highest in N₂P₂ and Simpson index was highest in the OM treatment. The species richness, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson index in N₁and N₂were significantly lower than those in other treatments. The results of path analysis showed that the pH and available P had the greatest direct positive effects on the 3 indices, and that available N indirectly affected the 3 indices through pH. In conclusion, long-term chemical fertilization results in changes to community structure of soybean rhizobia in black soil, and application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by itself reduces the diversity of soybean rhizobia, while application of nitrogen- phosphorus has the opposite effect.

Key words: diversity indices, BOX-PCR, IGS-PCR-RFLP, canonical correspondence analysis, path analysis

关大伟, 李力, 姜昕, 马鸣超, 曹凤明, 周宝库, 李俊 (2015) 长期施肥对黑土大豆根瘤菌群体结构和多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 23, 68-78. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014148.

Dawei Guan, Li Li, Xin Jiang, Mingchao Ma, Fengming Cao, Baoku Zhou, Jun Li (2015) Influence of long-term fertilization on the community structure and diversity of soybean rhizobia in black soil. Biodiversity Science, 23, 68-78. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014148.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2014148

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2015/V23/I1/68

图/表 9

表1 各处理施肥种类、施用量及分离菌株数量

Table 1 The dose of different fertilization and number of isolated rhizobium strains

处理 Treatment	施肥种类 Fertilizer type	施用量 Dose of fertilization (kg/ha)	菌株数量 Number of strains
CK	不施肥 No fertilizer	0	32
OM	马粪 Horse manure	18,600	32
N₁+OM	尿素+马粪 Urea + Horse manure	75+18,600	45
N₁	尿素 Urea	75	48
N₂	尿素 Urea	150	41
N₁P₁	尿素+过磷酸钙 Urea & Calcium superphosphate	75+150	28
N₂P₂	尿素+过磷酸钙 Urea & Calcium superphosphate	150 +300	28

图1 BOX-PCR图谱聚类分析树状图。括号内的处理编号代表菌株分离地点, 括号内的数字代表具有相同BOX-PCR图谱的菌株数量。

Fig. 1 The dendrogram of BOX-PCR cluster analysis. The codes of the treatments in parenthesis refer to sampling sites, and the numbers in parenthesis refer to the strain numbers with same BOX-PCR type.

图2 IGS PCR-RFLP指纹图谱聚类分析树状图。A1和A2为群A的亚群, B1、B2、B3和B4为群B的亚群, C1和C2为群C的亚群。

Fig. 2 The dendrogram of IGS PCR-RFLP cluster analysis. A1 and A2 are subgroups of A group, B1, B2, B3and B4 are subgroups of B group, and C1 and C2 are subgroups of C group.

图3 代表菌株与参比菌株16S rDNA序列的Neighbor-joining聚类图。图中分支上的数字表示可信度, 括号内为GenBank登录号, 0.01表示遗传距离。

Fig. 3 Neighbor-joining clustering phylogenetic tree of 16S rDNA sequence between representatives of isolated rhizobia and the reference strains. The values on branch stand for reliabilities and the numbers in the parenthesis are GenBank accession numbers. 0.01 denoted genetic distances.

图4 大豆根瘤菌的BOX-PCR群与施肥处理进行相关性分析。图中?代表处理; ρ代表BOX-PCR群。

Fig. 4 Correlation analysis between fertilization treatments and BOX-PCR genomic groups of soybean rhizobia. ? Treatments; ρ Groups of BOX-PCR in the figure.

表2 不同施肥处理土壤的理化性质

Table 2 Soil properties in different fertilization treatments

施肥处理 Treatments	pH	有机质含量 Organic manure (g/kg)	速效氮含量 Available N (mg/kg)	速效磷含量 Available P (mg/kg)	速效钾含量 Available K (mg/kg)
CK	6.91^b	22.3^d	54.10^e	2.32^f	175.27^b
OM	7.01^a	25.0^b	76.96^c	13.02^d	201.85^a
N₁	5.94^d	22.9^cd	75.85^c	2.92^f	158.40^d
N₂	5.00^e	23.0^c	95.39^a	5.48^e	143.78^e
N₁P₁	5.94^d	24.5^b	69.12^d	58.10^b	167.00^c
N₂P₂	4.94^e	23.6^c	95.65^a	124.93^a	154.12^d
N₁+OM	6.32^c	28.0^a	85.72^b	14.35^c	199.58^a

图5 大豆根瘤菌的BOX-PCR群与土壤理化性质典范对应分析。图中ρ代表BOX-PCR群。

Fig. 5 Canonical correspondence analysis between soil properties and BOX-PCR genomic groups of soybean rhizobia. ρ Groups of BOX-PCR in the figure.

表3 不同施肥处理大豆根瘤菌多样性指数

Table 3 The diversity indexes of rhizobia in different fertilization treatments

多样性指数 Diversity index	施肥处理 Treatments
多样性指数 Diversity index	CK	OM	N₁	N₂	N₁P₁	N₂P₂	N₁+OM
丰富度指数 Richness index	1.485^b*	1.553^b	1.101^d	0.281^e	1.294^c	2.175^a	1.108^d
Simpson指数 Simpson index	0.767^a	0.815^a	0.562^c	0.431^c	0.682^b	0.707^b	0.706^b
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	1.416^b	1.249^c	0.993^d	0.622^e	1.444^b	1.572^a	1.404^b

表4 土壤理化性质对大豆根瘤菌多样性的通径分析

Table 4 Analysis of path coefficients between diversity index of rhizobia and soil properties

多样性指数 Diversity index	土壤养分 Soil properties	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
丰富度指数 Richness index	X₁	0.462	0.117	-0.077	-0.836	-0.334
	X₂	0.118	1.166	0.002	-0.604	0.682
	X₃	0.074	0.009	-0.309	0.253	0.027
	X₄	-0.226	-0.640	-0.071	1.100	0.163
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	X₁	-0.521	0.386	0.092	-0.274	-0.317
	X₂	-0.206	0.976	-0.003	-0.198	0.569
	X₃	0.130	-0.008	0.370	0.083	0.575
	X₄	0.396	-0.536	0.085	0.360	0.305
Simpson指数 Simpson index	X₁	-0.039	0.317	-0.002	-0.870	-0.594
	X₂	-0.015	0.801	0.000	-0.628	0.158
	X₃	-0.010	-0.006	-0.010	0.263	0.237
	X₄	0.030	-0.440	0.000	1.144	0.734

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长期施肥对黑土大豆根瘤菌群体结构和多样性的影响

Influence of long-term fertilization on the community structure and diversity of soybean rhizobia in black soil

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