生物多样性 ›› 2003, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (6): 467-474.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2003055

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

杭州西湖水域可培养异养细菌的群落多样性

吴根福,虞左明,吴洁,周雪平   

  1. 1 (浙江大学生命科学学院,杭州 310012)
    2 (杭州市环境保护科学研究所,杭州 310005)
    3 (杭州市环境监测中心站,杭州 310007)
    4 (浙江大学生物技术研究所,杭州 310029)
  • 收稿日期:2003-01-23 修回日期:2003-04-05 出版日期:2003-11-20 发布日期:2003-11-20
  • 通讯作者: 吴根福

Community diversity of cultivable heterotrophic bacteria in West Lake,Hangzhou

WU Gen-Fu, YU Zuo-Ming, WU Jie, ZHOU Xue-Ping   

  1. 1 College of Life Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310012
    2 Hangzhou Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection , Hangzhou 310005
    3 Hangzhou Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center , Hangzhou 310007
  • Received:2003-01-23 Revised:2003-04-05 Online:2003-11-20 Published:2003-11-20
  • Contact: WU Gen-Fu

摘要:

自2001年10月~2002年10月对杭州西湖水域可培养异养细菌的群落结构和多样性进行了为期1年的调查。水体中可培养异养细菌的年平均值只有510 CFU/mL。从季节变化来看,温度较低的12月和3月其数量相对较多,分别为809和757 CFU/mL,而温度较高的5月和10月只有327和330 CFU/mL。表层底泥中可培养异养细菌的数量平均为2.27×105 CFU /g (以干泥计),其中长桥湾相对较多,为3.06×105 CFU /g,而湖心泥中只有1.70×105 CFU /g。从季节的变化看,也是冬季的数量比夏季高。调查还发现西湖水域优势菌的优势度高,多样性指数低。在三个湖区连续1年的测定中总共只出现14种类型的菌落,优势菌为假单胞菌属、肠杆菌科和气单胞菌属。水体中优势菌的优势度为36.8%~80.4% ,平均54.5%;多样性指数H介于0.682~1.787之间,平均1.160。底泥中优势菌的优势度为27.7%~72.7% ,平均51.7%;多样性指数H介于0.809~1.774之间,平均1.309。水体中的细菌有95%为革兰氏阴性杆菌,革兰氏阳性菌很少;产色素菌的比例相对较高,其中以产黄色素菌落为主,平均达20.1%;芽孢杆菌所占的比例较低,只有4.24%。而表层沉积物中产黄色素的菌落较少,只有2.07%;芽孢杆菌的比例则相对较高,为14.1%。

Abstract>We studied the community structure and diversity of cultivable heterotrophic bacteria in West Lake, Hangzhou from October 2001 to October 2002. Results showed that there were 510 CFU of bacteria per mL water and 2.27×105 CFU per gram of dry sediment. The bacterial population in water was higher in cold seasons than in hot seasons. In sediments, the bacterial population varied not only with seasons but also with dredging of the mud. Soon after dredging of mud in Changqiao,bacterial counts were about 0.81×105 CFU per gram in the new sediment. After three months, the bacterial population had increased to 4.60×105 CFU per gram. There were 14 types of cultivable heterotrophic bacteria in the West Lake ecosystem. The dominant types were Pseudomonas,Enterobacteriaceae or Aeromonas, which accounted for 36.8%~80.4% of the total bacterial population in water column; and 27.7%~72.7% of those in sediments. Analysis of Shannon-Wiener index (H) and Simpson index (L) indicated that the Lake had low bacterial diversity. The index H was between 0.682 and 1.787 in water columns; and between 0.809 and 1.774 in sediments, and the index L was between 0.196 and 0.662 in the water column, and between 0.179 and 0.572 in sediments. Among the bacteria from water column, 95% were Gram negative rods, and 20.1% produced yellow pigments. In sediments, about 85% of the bacteria were Gram negative rods and only 2.07% produced yellow pigments. Furthermore, the population of Bacillus was much higher in sediments than in the water column, suggesting that there are different niches in water column and sediments in West Lake despite the frequency of water-mud exchange.