生物多样性 ›› 2003, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (1): 53-58.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2003007

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

山西省虫生真菌生态多样性研究

李文英, 贺运春, 王建明, 张作刚, 张仙红   

  1. (山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷 030801)
  • 收稿日期:2002-01-29 修回日期:2002-05-10 出版日期:2003-01-20 发布日期:2003-01-20
  • 通讯作者: 李文英

Ecological diversity of entomogenous fungi of three nature reserves in Shanxi Province

LI Wen-Ying,HE Yun-Chun,WANG Jian-Ming,ZHANG Zuo-Gang,ZHANG Xian-Hong   

  1. College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agriculture University,Taigu,Shanxi 030801
  • Received:2002-01-29 Revised:2002-05-10 Online:2003-01-20 Published:2003-01-20
  • Contact: LI Wen-Ying

摘要: 为探讨山西省主要植被区的虫生真菌资源区系分布特点,于1996~2001年连续对山西省境内芦芽山、庞泉沟、蟒河3个国家级保护区的虫生真菌进行了生态多样性研究。采集的469份昆虫标本中有276份分离出真菌,总检出率为58.8%。根据菌落形态、营养体、孢子等特征将124株虫生真菌初步鉴定到属,其中110株已鉴定到种和专化型,共计10属25种。对各地区和各生境中真菌类群进行统计比较的结果表明,各保护区内虫生真菌物种资源都很丰富,广泛分布在不同的生境中,但具有明显的地域性分布特点。从菌株数量来看,从大到小依次为蟒河(45株)>庞泉沟(40株)>芦芽山(39株);从属的种类来看,蟒河地区(10属)标本中的类群略多于其他2个自然保护区;但从属内种类多样性来看,蟒河(18种)明显比其他2个自然保护区丰富。白僵菌(Beauveria spp.)、绿僵菌(Metarhizium spp.)等优势类群具有明显的垂直分布带谱和小生境分布特点,中等海拔区域(1000~2000m)分离菌株数最多,占到66%以上,包含种类最丰富,几乎囊括了所有种类,混交林、阔叶林和溪边灌林中,虫生真菌种类丰富,分布均匀,尤以混交林中菌株最多,共23株,占到37%,种类也最丰富,包含8种。

AbstractEcological diversity of entomogenous fungi in Luyashan,Pangquangou and Manghe national nature reserves of Shanxi were documented continuously from 1996 to 2001. 276 fungal strains were isolated from 469 specimens. 124 strains of entomogenous fungi were preliminarily identified to the generic level by characteristics of fruiting body, vegetative cells and spores. In total, 25 species (including varieties and forms) belonging to 10 genera were recognized, showing high diversity and high endemicity. Entomogenous fungi from Manghe National Nature Reserve are in a dominant position in terms of strains, genera and species. Statistical comparisions of the main entomogenous fungi from different sites, elevation and habitats show that distribution and diversity of the entomogenous fungi are influenced by many environmental factors, such as climate and vegetation. These strains have apparently vertical distribution bands and micro habitat distribution characteristics. Almost all species and 66% of the strains were isolated from a medium elevation range (1000~2000 m). Entomogenous fungal species in mixed forest, deciduous broad leaved forest and scrub near river were more plentiful and well distributed than those in other habitats, especially mixed forest. These results have important implications for exploitation and utilization of entomogenous fungal resources.