生物多样性 ›› 2002, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (3): 298-304.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2002041

所属专题: 昆虫多样性与生态功能

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

山东曲阜地区蚂蚁群落结构及物种多样性研究

刘红,袁兴中,张承德   

  1. (重庆大学资源及环境科学学院,  重庆 400044)
    (曲阜师范大学生物系,  山东曲阜 273165)
  • 收稿日期:2001-10-30 修回日期:2002-03-05 出版日期:2002-08-20 发布日期:2002-08-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘红

Community structure and species diversity of ant in Qufu, Shandong Province

LIU Hong,YUAN Xing-Zhong,ZHANG Cheng-De   

  1. College of Resources and Environmental Science , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044
    Department of Biology , Qufu Normal University , Qufu 273165
  • Received:2001-10-30 Revised:2002-03-05 Online:2002-08-20 Published:2002-08-20
  • Contact: LIU Hong

摘要: 通过诱捕法和样方调查法获得曲阜地区蚂蚁4亚科15属19种。优势种为菱结大头 蚁(Pheidole rhombinoda)、粗面收获蚁(Messor aciculatus)和异色草蚁(Lasius alienus),前2种亦是研究区域的广布种。根据调查数据分析了该地区5种生境中蚂蚁群落的结构及多样性特征,以及人为干扰和生境异质性对蚂蚁群落的影响。结果表明:5种生境中蚂蚁群落种类组成和多样性等指标均不相同。落叶阔叶林中蚂蚁群落种类数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H‘)和Pielou均匀度指数(J)最高;人工杨树林中蚂蚁群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)最低;河滩草丛中蚂蚁巢数、个体数以及种类优势度指数(D)最高。人类干扰越强的生境,蚂蚁群落多样性指数越低;生境质量和异质性越高的生境,蚂蚁群落多样性指数越高。聚类分析与群落结构序列分析结果基本一致,人工杨树林与人居环境中蚂蚁群落相似性最高,其他几个生境蚂蚁群落间相似性很低。同种蚂蚁在不同生境中巢穴和蚁群大小有差异。

AbstractAnt specimens of 4 subfamilies, 15 genera and 19 species were collected by trap and sample plot methods in Qufu area, Shandong. The dominant species are Pheidole rhombinoda, Messor aciculatus and Lasius alienus, of which the first two species are widely distributed over the study area. Based on these samples, species composition, species diversity, and similarity of ant communities in five habitats were analyzed, and the extent of influence by human activity and habitat heterogeneity were examined. We find that species composition and diversity indices of ant communities are different in each of the five habitats. The number of species, Shannon-Wiener′s diversity index ( H ′) and Pielou′s evenness index (J) in deciduous broad-leaved forest are the highest, while the diversity index in artificial poplar plantations is the lowest. The number of nests, number of individuals and McNaughton′s dominant index ( D) is the highest in grasslands of river floodplains. The more the habitats are disturbed, the lower the diversity index of ant community is. The highest diversity indices were observed in the habitats with high quality and high heterogeneity. Clustering analysis for five ant communities and ordination analysis for community structure by multidimensional scaling (MDS) were carried out and basiccally identical results were obtained. The results show that similarity of ant communities between artificial poplar plantation and residential districts is the highest, and similarities between other habitats are much lower. Nest size and individual number of colonys of the same ant species are different in different habitats.