生物多样性

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海南淡水龟类贸易现状与管理建议

龚世平1, 2,符有利2,3,汪继超2,史海涛2*,徐汝梅1   

  1. 1 (北京师范大学生命科学学院, 北京 100875)
    2 (海南师范大学生物系, 海口 571158)
    3 (海南大学海洋学院, 海口 570228)
  • 收稿日期:2005-01-19 修回日期:2005-04-27 出版日期:2005-05-20 发布日期:2005-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 史海涛

Freshwater turtle trade in Hainan and suggestions for effective manage-ment

Shiping Gong1,2 , Youli Fu2,3 , Jichao Wang2, Haitao Shi2* , Rumei Xu1   

  1. 1 College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
    2 Department of Biology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158
    3 College of Ocean , Hainan University, Haikou 570228
  • Received:2005-01-19 Revised:2005-04-27 Online:2005-05-20 Published:2005-05-20
  • Contact: Haitao Shi

摘要:

2002-2004年, 对海南野生淡水龟类贸易进行了调查。调查发现海南所有市县都存在野生龟类贸易, 有野生龟类贸易的农贸市场22个, 占调查农贸市场总数的19.6%; 有野生龟类贸易的乡镇64个, 占调查乡镇总数的65.3%; 野生龟类收购点103个, 野生淡水龟共489只。野生龟贸易所涉及的淡水龟类共10种, 占海南淡水龟分布总种数的90%以上, 其中3种是国家二级重点保护动物, 6种是列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录II的物种。按照《中国濒危动物红皮书(两栖类和爬行类)》, 1种为极危物种, 8种为濒危物种, 1种为易危物种。在个体数量方面, 以锯缘摄龟(Pyxidea mouhotii)、黄额盒龟(Cuora galbinifrons)、四眼斑水龟(Sacalia quadriocellata )和中华花龟(Ocadia sinensis)较多, 平胸龟(Platysternon megacephalum)、地龟(Geoemyda spengleri)、中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)较少, 三线闭壳龟(Cuora trifasciata)、黄喉拟水龟(Mauremys mutica )和山瑞鳖(Palea steindachneri)极其稀少。龟类市场价格差异很大, 从2002年到2004年, 各种龟的价格都有不同幅度的上涨。分析表明: 淡水龟类非法捕猎与贸易在海南普遍存在, 过度捕猎对海南淡水龟类构成了严重威胁, 而野生龟贸易则是导致过度捕猎的主要原因。本文在分析和探讨海南野生淡水龟类贸易的现状、原因及危害的基础上, 针对当前保护管理中存在的问题, 提出了相应的保护管理建议。

Abstract

A survey of the freshwater turtle trade in Hainan was conducted during 2002–2004. The results show that trade in wild turtles occurs in all cities and counties of Hainan. A total of 22 markets selling turtles were found, accounting for 19.6% of the total markets investigated and trade in wild turtles was found to exist in 64 towns, accounting for 65.3% of the total towns investigated. A total of 103 wild turtle purchasing stations were discovered, comprising 489 wild individuals and 10 local species (more than 90% of Hainan’s freshwater turtle species). Of the 10 turtle species, 3 are designated as grade II key state-protected species and 6 listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). According to the China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals: Amphibia and Reptilia, 1 is critically en-dangered, 8 endangered and 1 vulnerable in China. According to the number of individuals found in this survey, Pyxidea mouhotii, Cuora galbinifrons, Sacalia quadriocellata, Ocadia sinensis are relatively abun-dant; Platysternon megacephalum, Geoemyda spengleri, Pelodiscus sinensis are rare; Cuora trifasciata, Mauremys mutica, and Palea steindachneri are critically rare. The market prices of these turtle species vary widely, ranging from RMB80–120 per kilogram in S. quadriocellata to RMB18 000–36 000 per kilogram in C. trifasciata. From 2002 to 2004, the prices have risen to a varying degree. This study shows that the wild turtle trade is widespread in Hainan. The demand of the trade has led to over-collecting, which is the larg-est threat to the freshwater turtles of Hainan. Here the status, reasons, and negative impacts of wild turtle trade are discussed and possible suggestions for effective management and conservation are presented.